имал + -но

The confirmed form. The have-perfect presents a result that still counts as a fact the speaker vouches for: Тој има патувано низ цел свет. (He has travelled all over the world.)

The reported form. Replace има with its l-form имал, and the same result becomes information from someone else or a conclusion from evidence: Тој имал патувано низ цел свет. (He has travelled all over the world, they say.) It works like the ordinary reported l-form: Тој патувал reports an event, while Тој имал патувано reports a result.

The forms.

• he, she, it, they: имал / имала / имало / имале + -но, with no е: Таа имала патувано.
• I, you, we: сум / си / сме / сте + имал(а) / имале + -но: сум имал видено, си имала работено.
• negative: немал / немала / немале + -но: Никогаш немал видено море. (He has never seen the sea, apparently.)

Only имал changes. The -но or -то form stays the same whatever the subject: таа имала напишано, тие имале купено. Short pronouns go before имал: Го имал прочитано.

What it can mean. Like the other reported forms, it can pass on what you heard, give a conclusion you drew from evidence, or show surprise at something you have just found out (see адмиратив: ти си бил):

• heard: Велат дека таа имала напишано три романи. (They say she has written three novels.)
• found out from evidence: Колата имала поминато двесте илјади километри. (The car has done two hundred thousand kilometres, I see.)

Words such as наводно can make the distance explicit (see наводно; изгледа; се чини).

Choosing the form. Use има + -но for a result you know firsthand, имал + -но for a result you learned from others or worked out, and имав + -но for a result already in place at a past moment you are describing. The reported forms of other tenses are collected in прекажани форми во сите времиња.

Regional note. The have-perfect is most at home in western Macedonia. Many speakers from the east use it less and simply say Тој патувал низ цел свет.