да не for Fear
Fear and Worry with Да Не
After fear words, да не + present = that ... might: Се плашам да не задоцнам. (I'm afraid I might be late.) Here не does not mean not. At the start of a question, да не shows worry: Да не си болен? (You're not ill, are you?)
How It Works
Fear that something may happen. After се плаши or страв ми е, да не + present names the event you fear. The не does not make it negative; English simply says "that ... might":
- Се плашам да не задоцнам. (I'm afraid I might be late.)
- Страв ми е да не се изгубиме. (I'm scared we might get lost.)
- Се плашеше да не го изгуби работното место. (She was afraid she might lose her job.)
You can also use дека and a future: Се плашам дека ќе задоцнам. With дека, the fear is stated as something you expect.
Without не. Се плаши да without не means afraid to do something yourself: Се плашам да одам сама ноќе. (I'm afraid to walk alone at night.)
Verb forms and order. After да, use the present, usually perfective, even in a past story: Се плашев да не задоцнам. The aorist is not used after да. Short pronouns come after не: да не го изгубам, да не те видат (see the order before the verb).
Warnings. After внимавај (watch out), or on its own, да не warns someone, and here English keeps "not": Внимавај да не паднеш! (Be careful not to fall!) Да не заборавиш! (Don't forget!)
Worried questions. A question that starts with да не checks a worrying guess: Да не си болен? (You're not ill, are you?) With the l-form, it asks about something that may already have happened: Да не си заборавил? (You haven't forgotten, have you?) Compare нели, which expects agreement, and зарем, which shows surprise.
Examples (6)
- Се плашам да не задоцнам.
I'm afraid I might be late.
Word by Word: Myself I-fear to not I-be-late.
The не adds no negative meaning here.
- Се плашеше да не го изгуби работното место.
She was afraid she might lose her job.
Word by Word: Herself feared to not it lose working-the place.
Even in the past, the verb after да is in the present.
- Страв ми е да не се изгубиме.
I'm scared we might get lost.
Word by Word: Fear to-me is to not ourselves we-lose.
- Внимавај да не паднеш!
Be careful not to fall!
Word by Word: Watch to not you-fall!
- Да не си болен?
You're not ill, are you?
Word by Word: To not you-are ill?
A worried guess: the speaker suspects that you are ill.
- Да не си заборавил?
You haven't forgotten, have you?
Word by Word: To not you-are forgotten?
Common Mistakes
Using the aorist after да for a past fear.
Се плашев да не задоцнив.Се плашев да не задоцнам.Да is never followed by the aorist. The feared event keeps the present form, even when the fear was in the past.
Putting a short pronoun before не.
Се плашам да го не изгубам.Се плашам да не го изгубам.The order is да, не, short pronoun, verb: да не го изгубам.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Fear with да не follows negative commands.
Related Patterns
- The Order Before the Verb
The fixed order of да, не and short pronouns before the verb.
Level 3 - да / ќе / ако + Perfective VerbPerfective Verbs After Да Ќе and Ако
Explains the perfective present after да.
Level 2 - за даPurpose with За Да
За да не means so that ... not: a purpose, not a fear.
Level 3 - нелиTag Questions
Another way to check a guess with a question.
Level 2 - заремSurprised Questions
Зарем shows surprise, where да не shows worry.
Level 4