dengan demikian
Thus with Dengan Demikian
Dengan demikian is a formal transition meaning "thus," "therefore," or "accordingly." It is used at the start of a sentence to wrap up an argument or state a logical result.
How It Works
In formal Indonesian, dengan demikian is common in academic and professional writing. It presents a consequence, conclusion, or summary; it need not synthesize several points or close an entire argument.
Key characteristics include:
- Syntactic Position: It typically appears at the beginning of a new sentence to link it to the previous one. However, it can also follow a semicolon (;) to join two independent clauses within a single sentence. It cannot be used as a simple conjunction like sehingga.
- Punctuation and Capitalization: When starting a new sentence, the first letter must be capitalized (Dengan demikian). It is strictly required to be followed by a comma (e.g., Dengan demikian, ...).
- Register: It is common in formal explanations and can also occur in speech. Conversation also uses jadi.
- Logic: It implies "In this way" or "Based on the aforementioned facts."
Examples (3)
- Data menunjukkan bahwa angka pengangguran menurun secara signifikan. Dengan demikian, kebijakan ekonomi pemerintah dapat dianggap berhasil.
Data shows that the unemployment rate has decreased significantly. Thus, the government's economic policy can be considered successful.
Word by Word: Data show that number unemployment decrease in-a-way significant. With like-that, policy economy government can be-considered successful.
Here, 'dengan demikian' introduces a logical conclusion based on the evidence provided in the first sentence.
- Saksi mata memberikan keterangan yang konsisten dengan bukti fisik. Dengan demikian, hakim memutuskan untuk melanjutkan persidangan.
The eyewitness provided testimony consistent with physical evidence. Accordingly, the judge decided to proceed with the trial.
Word by Word: Witness eye give explanation which consistent with evidence physical. With like-that, judge decide for continue trial.
The phrase signals that the judge's decision is a direct result of the consistency between testimony and evidence.
- Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Dengan demikian, hasil yang diperoleh bersifat deskriptif dan mendalam.
This research uses qualitative methods. In this way, the results obtained are descriptive and in-depth.
Word by Word: Research this use method qualitative. With like-that, result which obtained character descriptive and deep.
The writer presents the character of the results as following from the chosen method. The connector expresses that inference; qualitative methods do not by grammar alone guarantee depth.
Common Mistakes
Omitting the comma after the phrase.
Dengan demikian kita harus segera bertindak.Dengan demikian, kita harus segera bertindak.In standard Indonesian (PUEBI/EYD), sentence-starting connectors like 'dengan demikian' must always be followed by a comma.
Joining two independent clauses without the needed punctuation.
Hari hujan dengan demikian saya tidak pergi.Hari hujan. Dengan demikian, saya tidak pergi.In this written connector model, separate the statements with a period and begin Dengan demikian, .... A semicolon can also separate the independent clauses. The unpunctuated sequence shown does not mark that structure.
How It Connects
Learn This First
To understand 'dengan demikian', learners need to be familiar with the preposition 'dengan' and the formal demonstrative 'demikian'. It functions as a formal logical connector, similar to 'therefore' or 'thus', building upon simpler result markers like 'jadi'.
- denganWith with Dengan
The connector 'dengan demikian' uses the preposition 'dengan' (with) as its base component.
Level 1 - jadiResult or Transition with Jadi
Understanding basic result connectors like 'jadi' provides the functional foundation for learning more formal logical connectors like 'dengan demikian'.
Level 1
Related Patterns
- oleh karena ituTherefore with Oleh Karena Itu
Dengan demikian and oleh karena itu can both introduce consequences or conclusions. Dengan demikian often emphasizes the resulting characterization; the difference is not an absolute deduction-versus-causation divide.
Level 4 - sehinggaResult with Sehingga
Sehingga introduces a subordinate result clause. Dengan demikian commonly introduces a new sentence or follows a semicolon between independent clauses in the written model.
Level 2 - makaFormal Result with Maka
'Maka' is a formal result marker often used in 'if-then' structures or to introduce a consequence within a sentence.
Level 2 - namunSentence-level Contrast with Namun
Learners sometimes confuse 'dengan demikian' with 'namun demikian' (nevertheless); the former concludes while the latter contrasts.
Level 4
Words in This Pattern
Practice dengan demikian in Bubblegum
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