Counterfactual no

No introduces a condition without itself declaring that condition false. In the illustrated past counterfactual frame, a completed-form consequence is followed by kuma no and its condition. The lessons license completed naki- participation predicates in this frame; the dictionary independently documents an explicit “would have” interpretation with a completed consequence.

Compare Nakimitingkami, “We attended a meeting,” with the first card: in its stated context, attendance is the outcome imagined if Ana had spoken. The completed morphology remains, but the whole construction does not assert actual attendance. The second card similarly imagines participation in dancing; the third imagines attendance at Mass.

Each predicate keeps its own participant marking: attached -kami excludes the addressee, while ni marks a named participant. Negative conditions retain predicate negation and its linker. The selected modern convention uses a before consonant-initial predicates; historical nga remains attested. These examples establish a limited frame, not obligatory completed morphology for every counterfactual or a complete paradigm.