Different Shapes of Verb Repetition
CVC/VC copying marks ongoing forms; a separate CV pattern pluralizes ag- verbs.
How It Works
The lesson grammar describes ongoing ag- and -um- forms with initial consonant–vowel–consonant copying. Vowel-initial bases instead supply vowel–consonant copying. Thus surat supplies sur in agsursurat, and aramid supplies ar in agar-aramid.
The hyphen in agar-aramid represents the consonant–glottal-stop–vowel environment described by Constantino. CVC and VC are analysis labels for copied segments; they are not additional letters in a word.
Constantino separately describes CV copying with ag- verbs as a pluralizer requiring a plural subject. In nagtataray, ta is copied while completed nag- remains. His particular sentence is translated with ‘ran away’; CV copying itself is identified as pluralizing. Repetition alone therefore does not establish ongoing aspect, and ongoing copying does not itself require multiple actors.
Examples (3)
- agsursurat
writing
Ongoing verb fragment with CVC copying sur.
- agar-aramid
making or doing
Ongoing verb fragment with vowel-initial VC copying ar.
- nagtataray
ran, with plural actors
Completed plural-actor verb fragment with CV copying ta. Constantino translates his sentence with this form as ran away; away is not taught as the meaning of CV copying.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Distinguish ongoing CVC/VC copying from pluralizing CV copying.
Related Patterns
- ag- + ReduplicationOngoing Ag- Actions
Develops ongoing formations in clauses.
Level 2 - -um-Actor-Focus Actions with -um-
Introduces another family covered by the ongoing copying rule.
Level 1 - Seeing an Action's Stage
Separates aspect from pluralizing copying.
Level 2 - Repeated Noun Forms
Provides a comparison with nominal repetition.
Level 2
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
Words in This Pattern
Practice Different Shapes of Verb Repetition in Bubblegum
Poppy, your AI tutor, writes Ilocano lessons at your level. Tap any grammar point in a lesson to see its full explanation.
