sakbay / kalpasan

Before and After

Level 3

sakbay ti + event nominal; kalpasan a malpas….

How It Works

Sakbay ti can precede an event nominal. Its possessor identifies the participant in that event: panagbiahemo means “your journey.” The Census guide witnesses kalpasan a with a malpas completion clause. The examples retain this supported endpoint construction.

Do not infer identical marker selection from the English pair “before” and “after.” The demonstrated before frame uses a marked nominal; the after frame uses a linked clause. Following-sound linker spelling gives a before malpas. The main actor can differ from the participant in the reference event. Neither expression inherently marks past tense or requires an immediately adjacent event.

Compare bayat, which expresses overlap: an after clause locates the main action beyond the reference endpoint rather than within its duration. These examples illustrate particular frames rather than every possible complement of either temporal expression.

Examples (3)

  1. Agsuratka sakbay ti panagbiahemo.

    Write before your journey.

    The possessed event nominal supplies the reference event.

  2. Agawidkami kalpasan a malpas ti klase.

    We will go home after the class ends.

    Malpas makes the endpoint explicit; kami excludes the addressee.

  3. Mangan ni Mario kalpasan a malpas ti trabaho.

    Mario will eat after the work is finished.

    The completion clause places eating after work.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

sakbay / kalpasanLevel 3Before and After

Learn This First

Sakbay means before; kalpasan means after a reference event.