बैठना as a Helper Verb
Compound Verbs with बैठना
बैठना after a verb stem suggests a rash, unwise or regrettable act.
How It Works
On its own, बैठना means to sit. After another verb's stem, it suggests that someone acted without thinking and now has to live with it. English often uses went and: he went and told everyone.
- कह बैठना: to blurt out, say something you shouldn't
- कर बैठना: to go and do something foolish
- खो बैठना: to lose (your temper, a chance)
- हार बैठना: to lose (money, a bet)
- दिल दे बैठना: to lose your heart, fall in love
The main verb stays a bare stem, and बैठना agrees with the subject. The doer never takes ने: वह ग़लती कर बैठा, मैं ग़लत बात कह बैठी. This surprises learners, because करना and कहना take ने on their own.
The regret comes from the whole pair and the context, so learn these as set pairs. Not every stem plus बैठना has this meaning: उठ बैठना just means to sit up.
Examples (5)
- मैं ग़ुस्से में ग़लत बात कह बैठी।
I got angry and said something I shouldn't have.
A woman speaking: बैठी agrees with her, and there is no ने.
- रवि जल्दबाज़ी में ग़लत नंबर पर फ़ोन कर बैठा।
In his rush, Ravi went and called the wrong number.
कर बैठा presents the call as a blunder.
- मैं उसे घर का पता दे बैठा। अब मुझे चिंता हो रही है।
I went and gave him my home address. Now I'm worried.
The second sentence shows the regret.
- वह सारे पैसे जुए में हार बैठा।
He went and lost all his money gambling.
हार बैठा: an unwise loss.
- वह पहली ही मुलाक़ात में उसे दिल दे बैठी।
She fell for him at their very first meeting.
दिल दे बैठना is a set phrase: to lose your heart.
Common Mistakes
Adding ने because the main verb takes an object.
उसने ग़लती कर बैठा।वह ग़लती कर बैठा।The second verb decides. बैठना takes no object, so the doer has no ने.
How It Connects
Learn This First
बैठना compounds add a sense of rashness to the intransitive helper pattern.
Related Patterns
- नेMarking the Doer with ने
ने is left out here because बैठना takes no object.
Level 2 - पड़ना as a Helper VerbCompound Verbs with पड़ना
पड़ना also shows an uncontrolled action, without the sense of regret.
Level 4 - डालना as a Helper VerbCompound Verbs with डालना
डालना also colors an action, but it takes ने.
Level 4
Words in This Pattern
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