अगर ... तो
If and Then
अगर ..., तो ... = if ..., then ...: अगर बारिश हुई, तो हम घर पर रहेंगे.
How It Works
अगर means if, and तो marks the result. A comma usually comes before तो.
Two ways to talk about a possible future. Both of these describe something that may happen:
| Form | Example |
|---|---|
| future | अगर तुम कल आओगे, तो हम साथ खाना खाएँगे। |
| simple past | अगर बारिश हुई, तो हम घर पर रहेंगे। |
The simple past हुई may surprise you. Here it does not mean the rain already fell. It treats the rain as a possible event.
Conditions about now. Use the present: अगर दुकान खुली है, तो हम अभी जा सकते हैं (If the shop is open, we can go now).
The result. तो can introduce a statement or a command: अगर आप थके हैं, तो आराम कीजिए (If you're tired, rest). In speech, तो is sometimes left out.
Later you will meet two more patterns. The subjunctive also works in the अगर clause: अगर समय मिले. And -ता forms in both clauses describe things that did not or cannot happen: अगर मेरे पास पैसे होते, तो मैं घर ख़रीदता.
In formal Hindi, यदि replaces अगर.
Examples (5)
- अगर बारिश हुई, तो हम घर पर रहेंगे।
If it rains, we'll stay home.
हुई here is a possible future event, not a past one.
- अगर तुम कल आओगे, तो हम साथ खाना खाएँगे।
If you come tomorrow, we'll eat together.
The future can also go in the अगर clause.
- अगर दुकान खुली है, तो हम अभी जा सकते हैं।
If the shop is open, we can go now.
A condition about now uses the present.
- अगर आप थके हैं, तो आराम कीजिए।
If you're tired, have a rest.
The result can be a polite command.
- अगर तुम तैयार हो, तो चलो।
If you're ready, let's go.
तो introduces an invitation.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Conditions often use a past form in the अगर clause and the future in the तो clause.
Related Patterns
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
Words in This Pattern
Practice अगर ... तो in Bubblegum
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