-आ हुआ

Resulting States

Level 4Sounds Like ā hu'ā

The past form plus हुआ describes the state something is in after an action: a broken glass, a sleeping child.

How It Works

This pattern turns a verb into a describing word. It shows the state left behind by an action: the glass broke, so now it is a broken glass.

MasculineFeminine
Oneटूटा हुआ गिलासटूटी हुई कुर्सी
More than oneटूटे हुए गिलासटूटी हुई कुर्सियाँ

Use the ordinary past form, including irregular ones: किया हुआ काम (work already done), उसका दिया हुआ तोहफ़ा (the gift he gave). Before a postposition, masculine forms change to -ए हुए: खुले हुए दरवाज़े से.

With verbs of position, the English is -ing, not -ed: बैठा हुआ (sitting), खड़ा हुआ (standing), सोया हुआ (sleeping), लेटा हुआ (lying down). The person sat down earlier and is still in that position.

After the noun, with a form of होना, it describes the state: खिड़की खुली हुई है (The window is open). In speech हुआ is often dropped: खिड़की खुली है, टूटा गिलास.

Examples (5)

  1. खुली हुई खिड़की से हवा आ रही है।

    Air is coming in through the open window.

    खुली हुई agrees with feminine खिड़की.

  2. यह मेरी दादी का लिखा हुआ पत्र है।

    This is a letter my grandmother wrote.

    With का, the phrase says who did the action.

  3. मैंने टूटे हुए खिलौने अलग कर दिए।

    I put the broken toys aside.

    टूटे हुए agrees with masculine plural खिलौने.

  4. दरवाज़े पर बैठी हुई औरत मेरी मौसी हैं।

    The woman sitting at the door is my aunt.

    बैठी हुई: she sat down earlier and is still sitting.

  5. बच्चा सोया हुआ है, धीरे बोलिए।

    The baby is asleep, so please speak softly.

    After the noun, सोया हुआ है describes the state.

Common Mistakes

  • Not making हुआ agree with the noun.

    वहाँ एक टूटी हुआ कुर्सी पड़ी है।
    वहाँ एक टूटी हुई कुर्सी पड़ी है।

    हुआ changes too: हुआ, हुई, हुए.

How It Connects

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-आ हुआLevel 4Resulting States

Learn This First

Resulting states add हुआ to the past form.

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Patterns that build on this one.

Words in This Pattern

-आहोना