min, vin, lin, ŝin, ĝin, nin, ilin
Me, You, Him, Her, Us, Them
Add -n to the pronoun when it receives the action.
How It Works
A pronoun takes -n when it is the object, just as a noun does.
| Subject | Object |
|---|---|
| mi (I) | min (me) |
| vi (you) | vin (you) |
| li (he) | lin (him) |
| ŝi (she) | ŝin (her) |
| ĝi (it) | ĝin (it) |
| ni (we) | nin (us) |
| ili (they) | ilin (them) |
English changes I to me and she to her. Esperanto adds one letter every time. Use the plain form for the subject and the -n form for the object: Mi vidas ŝin, Ŝi vidas min.
A pronoun object works with any verb that has an object: Ana helpas min (Ana helps me).
Examples (4)
- Mi komprenas vin.
I understand you.
Vin is the object of komprenas.
- Ŝi vidas nin.
She sees us.
Nin is ni with -n.
- Ĉu vi aŭdas min?
Do you hear me?
Min is mi with -n.
- Ana vizitas ilin en Japanio.
Ana visits them in Japan.
Ilin is the object, and it stands for more than one person.
Common Mistakes
Leaving -n off a pronoun object.
Ŝi vidas mi.Ŝi vidas min.A pronoun that receives the action takes -n, just like a noun.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Each subject pronoun has an object form made with -n.
Related Patterns
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
Practice min, vin, lin, ŝin, ĝin, nin, ilin in Bubblegum
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