به حیث
In the Role of with به حیث
The noun comes right after به حیث, with no ezafe written between them.
How It Works
Afghan schools, offices and newspapers write به حیث for as in the sense of in the role of. Iranian Persian says به عنوان for the same idea, and Afghan readers know it too.
| Role | Dari | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| A job | به حیث معلم | as a teacher |
| A purpose | به حیث هدیه | as a gift |
| A part in an event | به حیث میزبان | as the host |
| A model | به حیث مثال | as an example |
| A place in a group | به حیث یکی از شهرها | as one of the cities |
The phrase stands before the verb or at the start of the sentence: به حیث معلم، او ده سال کار کرده است. The ezafe link joins به حیث to the noun. You say it, but after ث you do not write it: به حیث معلم (ba hays-i muallim).
به حیث does not mean like and does not mean because. For like, say مثل (see As … As and Like). For because, say چون.
Where to meet it: job notices, school reports and news. A sentence may open with the phrase to name the role first: به حیث میزبان، او همه را به خانه دعوت کرد. Casual talk says it more simply: او معلم است (she is a teacher).
Examples (5)
- ده سال است که احمدی به حیث معلم ریاضی در لیسهٔ ما کار می‌کند.
Mr. Ahmadi has worked as a math teacher at our high school for ten years.
به حیث معلم names his job.
- پروین این کتاب را به حیث هدیه برای مادرش خرید.
Parwin bought this book as a gift for her mother.
به حیث هدیه names the purpose of the book.
- بامیان به حیث یکی از زیباترین ولایت‌های کشور هر سال مسافران زیادی دارد.
Bamyan, as one of the most beautiful provinces of the country, has many visitors every year.
به حیث یکی از … names the place of Bamyan in a group.
- ما از او به حیث میزبان تشکر کردیم.
We thanked him as our host.
به حیث میزبان names the part he played.
- کریکت از سال‌ها به این طرف به حیث یکی از ورزش‌های محبوب مردم شناخته می‌شود.
For years now, cricket has been known as one of the favorite sports of the people.
به حیث works with the passive شناخته می‌شود.
Common Mistakes
Using به حیث to mean like.
او به حیث پدرش مهربان است.او مثل پدرش مهربان است.به حیث names a role. To compare two people, use مثل.
How It Connects
Learn This First
به حیث works like the small words.
Related Patterns
- به اندازهٔ و مثلAs … as and Like
مثل is the word for like.
Level 4 - چون، زیرا، به خاطرGiving Reasons
These words give reasons.
Level 3 - به جایIn Place of with به جای
It also puts one thing in the place of another.
Level 4 - از طریق و توسطBy Way of and by
It is another formal phrase that names a way or a doer.
Level 5
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.
Words in This Pattern
Practice به حیث in Bubblegum
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