Punctuation in Dense Clause Linking
Punctuation shows how independent clauses, explanations and inserted comments relate in a dense sentence.
How It Works
A semicolon can separate closely related independent clauses, especially when they already contain commas. A colon can introduce an explanation, consequence, list or quotation that the first part prepares the reader to expect. Neither mark substitutes for a missing grammatical connection.
Commas set off inserted explanations and many discourse connectors, but they should not separate an ordinary subject from its verb simply because the subject is long. If a sentence becomes hard to follow, a full stop is often the clearest option.
Punctuate according to structure and meaning, not according to where you happen to breathe. A restrictive relative normally stays unseparated; an explanatory relative is bracketed by commas.
Examples (3)
- El termini s’esgota demà; per tant, cal resoldre avui.
The deadline expires tomorrow; therefore, a decision must be made today.
- Només falta una cosa: la signatura.
Only one thing is missing: the signature.
- La proposta, que ja coneixeu, es votarà avui.
The proposal, which you already know, will be voted on today.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Identify the relative’s subject or object role and its clause boundary. Identify contrast, addition and consequence before choosing formal linking language.
Related Patterns
Practice Punctuation in Dense Clause Linking in Bubblegum
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