per / per a (prosa formal)

Per and Per a in Formal Prose

Level 6

Per commonly marks cause, route, means or agent; per a commonly marks a recipient or intended destination.

How It Works

Compare una multa per l'incompliment, caused by a failure to comply, with una ajuda per als centres, intended for the centers. With nouns, the difference in relationship often makes the choice clear. Apply the usual contractions: pel and per al are not interchangeable shapes.

In a dense sentence, separately identify the actor, cause and intended recipient before choosing per or per a. Revisat per la comissió names the reviewing agent; sancionat per incomplir names a cause; fons per als centres names a recipient. Infinitival purpose remains sensitive to the chosen regional standard and construction. An editorial policy should be coherent without describing all other accepted infinitive patterns as errors.

Examples (3)

  1. El text ha estat revisat per la comissió.

    The text has been reviewed by the committee.

  2. Ha estat sancionat per incomplir el termini.

    He has been penalized for failing to meet the deadline.

  3. S’han reservat fons per als centres.

    Funds have been reserved for the centers.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

per / per a (prosa formal)Level 6Per and Per a in Formal Prose

Learn This First

Apply per/per a coherently in the chosen formal language model.

Words in This Pattern