Instrumental Singular

Level 3

Add -om to most nouns: bratom, selom, sestrom. Use -em after a soft consonant: prijateljem.

How It Works

The ending -em follows a soft consonant and also appears after c, as in ocem. Neuter nouns in -e use -em, as in morem.

Feminine nouns that end in a consonant make the instrumental in another way, for example radošću (from radost). A later entry gives that group.

You meet this case most often after s or sa (with), and with means of transport and tools. Both uses have their own entries.

Idem s bratom u grad.
I am going to the city with my brother.
Brat becomes bratom.
Razgovaram s prijateljem.
I am talking with a friend.
Prijatelj ends in a soft consonant, so -em.
Šetam s Eminom uz rijeku.
I walk with Emina along the river.
A feminine name in -a takes -om.
Ručam sa sestrom.
I am having lunch with my sister.
Sestra becomes sestrom.
Pijem kafu s mlijekom.
I drink coffee with milk.
Mlijeko becomes mlijekom.

Leaving the noun in the nominative after s.
Razgovaram s prijatelj.
Razgovaram s prijateljem.
The noun after s needs the instrumental ending.

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

Instrumental SingularLevel 3

Another singular case.

Patterns that build on this one.

instrumentaljednina

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