pred, nad, pod, među
Where something is: pred, nad, pod, među plus instrumental.
How It Works
These short words mean in front of, above, under, among. Used for a location, they take the instrumental.
| word | meaning | example |
|---|---|---|
| pred | in front of | pred kućom |
| nad | above | nad gradom |
| pod | under | pod stolom |
| među | among, between | među prijateljima |
The instrumental ending is -om or -em for masculine and neuter singular nouns, -om for feminine nouns in -a (pred školom), and -ima or -ama in the plural. Note sto, which becomes stolom.
When the thing moves there, pred, nad and pod use the accusative: Stavi knjigu pod sto. (Put the book under the table.) Među can take the accusative in the same way.
Ispred and ispod mean nearly the same thing, but they take the genitive. The next entry compares them.
Examples (4)
- Auto stoji pred kućom.
The car is parked in front of the house.
Kućom is the instrumental of kuća.
- Lampa visi nad stolom.
The lamp hangs above the table.
Stolom is the instrumental of sto.
- Mačka spava pod stolom.
The cat is sleeping under the table.
Pod plus instrumental gives a location.
- Sjedimo među prijateljima.
We are sitting among friends.
Među takes the plural instrumental.
Common Mistakes
Using the nominative after the word.
Auto stoji pred kuća.Auto stoji pred kućom.These words need the instrumental for a location.
How It Connects
Learn This First
These prepositions take two cases.
Related Patterns
Words in This Pattern
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