arnaf / gennyf
Literary Personal Prepositions (Recognition)
Mae'n ddrwg gennym am unrhyw anghyfleustra — We apologise for any inconvenience. Gennym is the formal written form of spoken gynnon ni or gyda ni.
How It Works
Mostly recognition, with some useful formal phrases.
The endings. Literary and spoken forms of ar (on):
- arnaf — arna i (on me)
- arnat — arnat ti
- arno — arno fe, arno fo
- arni — arni hi
- arnom — arnon ni
- arnoch — arnoch chi
- arnynt — arnyn nhw
Other prepositions follow the same idea: amdanaf, amdanynt (am); ataf, atynt (at); ohonof, ohonynt (o); wrthyf, wrthynt (wrth); imi, iddynt (i).
Gan. Gan (with, by) has its own pattern: gennyf, gennyt, ganddo, ganddi, gennym, gennych, ganddynt. Northern speech says gen i, gen ti, gynno fo, gynni hi, gynnon ni, gynnoch chi, gynnyn nhw (Having in the North); the South mostly uses gyda (Having in the South).
Still common in formal Welsh.
- Mae'n ddrwg gennyf — I am sorry (formal letters)
- Mae'n ddrwg gennym am unrhyw anghyfleustra — We apologise for any inconvenience (notices)
- Mae'n dda gennyf gyhoeddi — I am pleased to announce
- llawer ohonynt — many of them
The spoken forms. See Prepositions With Personal Forms, Forms of Ar and Forms of O.
Examples (6)
- Mae'n ddrwg gennyf.
I am sorry.
Spoken: Mae'n ddrwg gen i.
- Mae'n ddrwg gennym am unrhyw anghyfleustra.
We apologise for any inconvenience.
- Mae'n dda gennyf gyhoeddi enw'r enillydd.
I am pleased to announce the winner's name.
- Edrychodd arnaf a gwenu.
She looked at me and smiled.
Spoken: Edrychodd hi arna i a gwenu.
- Mae llawer ohonynt yn siarad Cymraeg.
Many of them speak Welsh.
Spoken: Mae llawer ohonyn nhw'n siarad Cymraeg.
- Dywedodd wrthyf am aros.
He told me to wait.
Spoken: Dwedodd e (o in the North) wrtha i am aros.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Literary personal prepositions end in -af, -om and -ynt.
Related Patterns
- arna i / arnat ti / arno feForms of Ar and Feelings
The spoken forms of ar.
Level 3 - Mae gen i (North)Having in the North: Mae Gen I
Northern speech uses the spoken forms of gan for possession.
Level 1 - ohona i / ohono feOf Me, Of It: Forms of O
The spoken forms of o.
Level 4 - ata i / wrtho feForms of at and Wrth
The spoken forms of at and wrth.
Level 3 - Mae'n ddrwg gen i / Mae'n flin gyda fiSaying Sorry in North and South
Mae'n ddrwg gennyf is the formal written form of this phrase.
Level 2
Words in This Pattern
Practice arnaf / gennyf in Bubblegum
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