така што / толку ... што
Results and Consequences
Така што = so, as a result: Врнеше, така што останавме дома. (It was raining, so we stayed at home.) Толку ... што = so ... that: Беше толку уморен што заспа. (He was so tired that he fell asleep.)
How It Works
1. Така што: so, as a result. Put a comma before it: Врнеше, така што останавме дома. Дојде доцна, така што ја пропушти забавата. (He came late, so he missed the party.) The verb is in its normal tense. Use што here, not да.
2. Толку ... што: so ... that.
- with an adjective: Беше толку уморен што заспа.
- with an adverb: Зборува толку тивко што никој не може да го слушне. (He speaks so quietly that nobody can hear him.)
- with a verb: Се смеевме толку што ни течеа солзи. (We laughed so much that tears ran down our faces.)
A comma before што is optional here.
3. Таков ... што: such ... that. Before a noun, the pointing word agrees with it: Имаше таков студ што никој не излезе надвор. (It was so cold that nobody went outside.) This family of words is also in вака, така and онака.
Result or goal? English "so that" can mean either. For a result that happened, use така што. For a goal, use за да with a present verb: Станав рано за да стигнам навреме. (I got up early so that I would arrive on time.) For a reason rather than a result, use бидејќи or затоа што.
In a way that. When така means "in such a way", the same words describe how something was done: Го направи така што никој не забележа. (He did it in such a way that nobody noticed.)
Examples (5)
- Врнеше, така што останавме дома.
It was raining, so we stayed at home.
Word by Word: It-rained, so that we-stayed home.
- Дојде доцна, така што ја пропушти забавата.
He came late, so he missed the party.
Word by Word: Came late, so that it missed party-the.
- Беше толку уморен што заспа на каучот.
He was so tired that he fell asleep on the couch.
Word by Word: Was so tired that fell-asleep on couch-the.
- Зборува толку тивко што никој не може да го слушне.
He speaks so quietly that nobody can hear him.
Word by Word: Speaks so quietly that nobody not can to him hear.
- Имаше таков студ што никој не излезе надвор.
It was so cold that nobody went outside.
Word by Word: Had such cold that nobody not went-out outside.
Таков agrees with the masculine noun студ.
Common Mistakes
Using така да for a result.
Дојде доцна, така да ја пропушти забавата.Дојде доцна, така што ја пропушти забавата.A result that happened is introduced by така што. Така да is sometimes heard, but standard Macedonian treats it as a mistake.
Using за да for a result.
Врнеше, за да останавме дома.Врнеше, така што останавме дома.За да expresses a goal and is never followed by the aorist. For something that happened as a result, use така што.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Results combine така and reasons.
Related Patterns
- за даPurpose with За Да
За да gives a goal; така што gives a result.
Level 3 - колку ... толкуThe More the More
Another pattern with толку: the more ... the more.
Level 4 - значи / затоа / според тоаDrawing a Conclusion
Connectors that draw a conclusion at the start of a new sentence.
Level 5 - декаSaying That
Дека reports what someone says or thinks; a result after толку takes што.
Level 3
Words in This Pattern
Practice така што / толку ... што in Bubblegum
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