Ordinal Numbers and Dates
Most ordinals add -t up to 19 (véiert, fënneft) and -st from 20 on (zwanzegst). Éischt (first) and drëtt (third) are special.
How It Works
The forms.
- 1 éischt, 2 zweet, 3 drëtt, 4 véiert, 5 fënneft, 6 sechst
- 7 siwent, 8 aacht, 9 néngt, 10 zéngt, 11 eeleft, 12 zwieleft
- 13 to 19 add -t: 16 siechzéngt, 19 nonzéngt
- from 20 on, add -st: 20 zwanzegst, 21 eenanzwanzegst, 30 drëssegst, 100 honnertst
Éischt and drëtt are irregular, and aacht (eighth) looks the same as the number eight, because it already ends in t.
Adjective endings. An ordinal takes the same endings as any adjective:
- masculine: den éischten Dag, but den éischte Mount by the n-rule; see masculine endings
- feminine and plural: déi zweet Kéier (the second time)
- neuter: dat drëtt Kand; the ordinal already ends in t, so nothing is added; see neuter endings
After a preposition with the dative, the masculine and neuter ending is -en: Mir wunnen um drëtte Stack. (We live on the third floor.)
Dates. A date is den + ordinal + month, with no preposition: Haut ass den éischten Abrëll. Säi Gebuertsdag ass den zwanzegsten Oktober. Say den éischte Mee, because the n drops before M.
In writing, an ordinal is a number with a full stop: den 1. Abrëll. The article still follows the n-rule as the number is spoken: fënneften starts with f, so it is de 5. Abrëll. See writing numbers and months.
Useful phrases. Fir d'éischt means first, before anything else: Fir d'éischt drénke mir e Kaffi. Used as a noun, an ordinal is capitalized: Si war déi Éischt. (She was first.)
Examples (6)
- Haut ass den éischten Abrëll.
Today is the first of April.
Den éischten keeps its n before the vowel of Abrëll.
- Säi Gebuertsdag ass den zwanzegsten Oktober.
His birthday is the twentieth of October.
From 20 on, ordinals end in -st.
- Den éischte Mee ass e Feierdag.
The first of May is a public holiday.
The n of éischten drops before M.
- Mir wunnen um drëtte Stack.
We live on the third floor.
Um is op dem, so the ordinal takes -en, which drops before S.
- Dat ass déi zweet Kéier haut.
That's the second time today.
Kéier is feminine, so zweet has no ending.
- Fir d'éischt drénke mir e Kaffi.
First we'll have a coffee.
Fir d'éischt means first, before anything else.
Common Mistakes
Keeping the n before a consonant.
Mäi Gebuertsdag ass den zweeten Mee.Mäi Gebuertsdag ass den zweete Mee.The masculine ending -en loses its n before most consonants, including m.
Adding only -t from 20 on.
Säi Gebuertsdag ass den zwanzegten Oktober.Säi Gebuertsdag ass den zwanzegsten Oktober.From 20 on, ordinals add -st: zwanzegst, drëssegst, honnertst.
Making first from the number eent.
Dat ass mäin eenten Dag hei.Dat ass mäin éischten Dag hei.First is irregular: éischt. Third is irregular too: drëtt.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Before Ordinal Numbers and Dates, learn Numbers Above 20 and Adjective Endings: Masculine -en.
Related Patterns
- Numbers 1-12
The cardinal numbers that most ordinals are built on.
Level 1 - Numbers 13-20
Ordinals from 13 to 19 add -t, and 20 adds -st.
Level 1 - Writing Numbers
An ordinal in digits is written with a full stop: den 1. Abrëll.
Level 4 - Months and Seasons
Dates combine an ordinal with a month: den éischte Mee.
Level 2
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.