Present Subjunctive: habeam, ducam, audiam

Level 5

Add -a- to the stem: habeam, ducam, capiam, audiam.

How It Works

Personhabeoducocapioaudio
Ihabeamducamcapiamaudiam
you (one)habeasducascapiasaudias
he, she, ithabeatducatcapiataudiat
wehabeamusducamuscapiamusaudiamus
you (all)habeatisducatiscapiatisaudiatis
theyhabeantducantcapiantaudiant

The -a- is added to the present stem: habe-a-m, duc-a-m, capi-a-m, audi-a-m.

Watch the first person singular of the third and fourth conjugations. Ducam, capiam and audiam are also the future: I shall lead, I shall take, I shall hear. The sentence shows which one it is.

The other forms differ. The future is ducet and audiet, and the subjunctive is ducat and audiat.

Examples (5)

  1. Adveniat regnum tuum.

    Your kingdom come.

    From the Lord's Prayer. Adveniat is the subjunctive of advenire.

  2. Et ne nos inducas in tentationem.

    And lead us not into temptation.

    From the Lord's Prayer. Inducas is the subjunctive of inducere.

  3. Rogo ut me audias.

    I ask you to listen to me.

    Ut with the subjunctive audias gives a request.

  4. Marcus ad forum it ut Iuliam videat.

    Marcus goes to the forum so that he may see Iulia.

    Ut with the subjunctive videat gives a purpose.

  5. Utinam pacem habeamus!

    May we have peace!

    Utinam with the subjunctive habeamus is a wish.

Common Mistakes

  • Using the indicative after ut.

    Rogo ut venis.
    Rogo ut venias.

    Rogo ut venis is good Latin, but ut then means as or when, and the sentence is not a request. To say that you ask him to come, use the subjunctive: venias.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

Present Subjunctive: habeam, ducam, audiamLevel 5

Learn This First

The other families use -am endings on their present stem.

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Patterns that build on this one.

Words in This Pattern

habeoducoaudiocapio