pag-...-an

Combine a suitable base with pag- and -an to form an established place expression. Luto gives paglutuan, a cooking place: final o becomes u before the vowel-initial suffix. Pagadalan names a school or place of study.

A location expression can retain action participants. In Idiay ti pagbayadanmi ti utang, “That is where we will pay the debt,” -mi identifies the actors and excludes the addressee. The debt remains the payment object. Compare pagbayad, payment means, with pagbayadan, a payment place. Participant pronouns identify person and number; they do not mark gender agreement.

Selected nonlocative roots take initial CV reduplication: apal → pagaapalan, a source or reason for envy, copies the initial vowel; pagleleddaangan names a cause of grief. These are attested nominalizations, not a universal causal rule. Reduplication also occurs in locative nouns, so repetition alone does not identify a cause.