Patient-Focus Verbs With -in-

Completed Patient-Focus Actions

Level 2

Compare gatangen → ginatang and inumen → ininum.

How It Works

Many completed patient-focus forms lack contemplated -en. With consonant-initial bases, -in- commonly follows the first consonant: gatang → ginatang. With vowel-initial bases, in- precedes the base: inum → ininum. The references also document linuto, “cooked.”

The patient remains selected, while agent forms such as ko, mi, and singular na identify the actor. Completed aspect describes event stage rather than every English past-time meaning.

Learn the completed word within its own verb family. These worked forms do not create a rule for every unfamiliar base. Other attested completed words include pinuted. The examples here teach ginatang, ininum, and linuto; they do not make other completed formations freely interchangeable.

Examples (3)

  1. Ginatangko ti ikan.

    I bought the fish.

    Ginatang is completed and patient-focused.

  2. Ininummi ti danum.

    We drank the water.

    In- precedes the vowel-initial base; mi excludes the addressee.

  3. Linutona ti makan.

    He or she cooked the food.

    Na identifies one actor without specifying gender.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

Patient-Focus Verbs With -in-Level 2Completed Patient-Focus Actions

Learn This First

Many completed patient-focus forms use in- or -in- and omit -en.

Words in This Pattern

inumen