در حال
In the Middle of Doing with در حال
This pattern belongs to news, notices and careful speech. Everyday Dari uses the simple present for the same idea.
How It Works
حال means "state", so در حال means "in the state of". With an infinitive and a form of be, it says that an action is in progress: او در حال کار کردن است. (She is working.)
| Part | Example |
|---|---|
| در حال | در حال |
| the infinitive, with ـن | نان پختن |
| a form of be | است / استم / بود |
A compound verb keeps its parts in order: در حال درس خواندن استم (I am studying). Change the form of be for the person and the time: ما در حال گپ زدن بودیم (we were talking).
Afghan news and notices like this pattern: شاروالی در حال سرک جدید ساختن است. In everyday talk, the simple present does the same job: مادرم نان میپزد can mean "my mother is baking bread right now".
Dari does not build this meaning with داشتن. The Iranian form دارم میروم does not belong in Dari. Use the simple present or در حال with an infinitive.
Examples (5)
- مادرم در حال نان پختن است.
My mother is baking bread.
نان پختن is the infinitive after در حال, and است closes the sentence.
- من در حال درس خواندن استم.
I am studying.
استم matches من, and درس خواندن is the infinitive.
- ما در حال گپ زدن بودیم که احمد رسید.
We were talking when Ahmad arrived.
بودیم puts the action in the past, and که brings in the event that cut in.
- شاروالی در حال سرک جدید ساختن است.
The municipality is building a new road.
سرک جدید ساختن is the infinitive after در حال, and its object سرک جدید comes before the verb.
- شاگردان در حال تیار شدن برای امتحان استند.
The students are getting ready for the exam.
استند matches the plural شاگردان, and تیار شدن means to get ready.
Common Mistakes
Building the action in progress with دارم, as Iranian Persian does.
مادرم دارد نان میپزد.مادرم در حال نان پختن است.Dari does not use داشتن for an action in progress. Use در حال with an infinitive, or the simple present: مادرم نان میپزد.
Dropping the ـن of the infinitive.
او در حال کار کرد است.او در حال کار کردن است.After در حال, use the full infinitive that ends in ـن, and not the past stem.
How It Connects
Learn This First
در حال goes before the present tense.
Related Patterns
- Something Going On in the Past
For an action in progress in the past, everyday Dari uses می with the past stem.
Level 4 - Infinitives and Past Stems
در حال needs the infinitive, which ends in ـتن or ـدن.
Level 2 - Compound Verbs
A compound verb keeps its noun in front of the infinitive, as in درس خواندن.
Level 2
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.