me / te / ga / je / ju / nas / vas / ih

Short Direct-Object Pronouns

Level 2

Me, te, ga, je or ju, nas, vas and ih can stand for an understood direct object. Their position follows the rules for unstressed words.

How It Works

Vidim Marka. can become Vidim ga. Likewise, Vidim Anu. can become Vidim je. The pronoun preserves the direct-object role while the noun is understood from context.

Use me for me, te for informal singular you, nas for us and vas for plural or polite you. In the feminine singular, ju prevents the sequence of two je forms: Vidio ju je.

These are unstressed forms. A contrast such as me rather than him requires a full form: mene. Some short forms also serve genitive functions, so the verb and construction still determine their case.

Examples (4)

  1. Vidim ga.

    I can see him.

    Ga replaces a masculine direct object in this context.

  2. Poznaješ li je?

    Do you know her?

    Je is a feminine accusative pronoun.

  3. Čekaju nas.

    They are waiting for us.

    Čekati takes a direct object despite English for.

  4. Vidio ju je.

    He saw her.

    Ju stands before auxiliary je.

How It Connects

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me / te / ga / je / ju / nas / vas / ihLevel 2Short Direct-Object Pronouns

Learn This First

Short object pronouns combine the person system with the direct-object role.

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Patterns that build on this one.

Words in This Pattern

ononaonovionemejujuvasvasih