Adjectives in -ски
Many adjectives end in -ски: български, градски, морски. Change the ending to match the noun: български език, българска музика, българско вино, български песни.
How It Works
1. The forms.
- Masculine: български град, with the article българският/българския град
- Feminine: българска песен, with the article българската песен
- Neuter: българско село, with the article българското село
- Plural: български градове, with the article българските градове
The masculine and the plural look the same without the article: български град, български градове. The noun shows which one you mean.
2. Where they come from. Many are formed from nouns (see adjectives from nouns):
- Countries and places: България → български, Англия → английски, Франция → френски, Германия → немски (irregular: it comes from немец, a German), Гърция → гръцки, София → софийски
- Everyday nouns: град → градски (city), море → морски (sea), дете → детски (children's), приятел → приятелски (friendly)
A few end in -цки or -шки instead, because the last consonant of the noun changes: грък → гръцки (Greek), човек → човешки (human). They change the same way: гръцка, гръцко.
3. Small letter. Write български, английски, софийски with a small letter, even though the country or city name has a capital. A capital appears only at the start of a sentence or inside an official name, such as Българска академия на науките.
4. The article. Like other adjectives, the first word of the phrase takes the article (see articles on adjectives). The masculine has a full and short form: Българският език е интересен (subject), Уча българския език (object).
5. Languages and manner. The masculine form also names the language: Говоря български (I speak Bulgarian), на български (in Bulgarian). Many -ски adjectives also work as adverbs: Говори приятелски (He speaks in a friendly way). See adverbs from adjectives.
Examples (6)
- Обичам българска музика.
I love Bulgarian music.
Музика is feminine, so the adjective ends in -ска.
- Българският език има определителен член.
The Bulgarian language has a definite article.
- Градският транспорт тук е евтин.
Public transport in the city is cheap here.
- Това е детско легло.
This is a child's bed.
Легло is neuter, so the adjective ends in -ско.
- Купих си френски книги.
I bought myself some French books.
- Говоря малко български.
I speak a little Bulgarian.
Common Mistakes
Using the feminine ending with a masculine noun.
Уча българска език.Уча български език.Език is masculine, so the adjective ends in -ски.
Writing a nationality adjective with a capital letter.
Аз говоря Български.Аз говоря български.Adjectives of nationality, including language names, are written with a small letter in Bulgarian.
Using the short article on the subject.
Българския език е интересен.Българският език е интересен.Here the phrase is the subject, so the masculine adjective takes the full article -ят.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Adjectives in -ски need agreement and articles.
Related Patterns
- Adjective Agreement
The general rule for matching adjectives to nouns.
Level 1 - Full Versus Short Masculine Article
Decides between българският and българския.
Level 2 - син/синя/синьоSoft Adjectives Like Син
Another adjective group with its own set of endings.
Level 3 - Adjectives From Nouns
How -ски and other adjectives are formed from nouns.
Level 4 - Adverbs From Adjectives
Many -ски adjectives also work as adverbs.
Level 2