-gan holda
In a State of: -gan Holda
-gan holda means in a state of having done or while doing: Bemor koʻzlarini yumgan holda yotardi (The patient lay with his eyes closed).
How It Works
1. Building it
verb + -gan + holda, with no possessive ending: kulgan holda, yumgan holda, olgan holda.
2. A state during the action
The -gan action is already in place while the main action happens: Bemor koʻzlarini yumgan holda yotardi (The patient lay with his eyes closed). In everyday speech, -(i)b or -gancha often does the same job: kulib javob berdi, koʻzlarini yumgancha yotardi.
3. Formal phrases
Official texts and news use -gan holda a lot:
- hisobga olgan holda (taking into account)
- foydalangan holda (using)
- amal qilgan holda or rioya qilgan holda (in line with)
4. The negative means without
-magan holda means without doing: U hech kimga aytmagan holda shaharni tark etdi (He left the city without telling anyone). Compare -masdan.
5. With a possessive
In formal writing, -gani holda with a possessive ending can mean although, like -gani bilan.
Examples (6)
- U kulgan holda javob berdi.
He answered, smiling.
Word by Word: He laughed state-in answer gave.
- Bemor koʻzlarini yumgan holda yotardi.
The patient lay with his eyes closed.
Word by Word: Patient eyes-his-ACC closed state-in was-lying.
- Ob-havoni hisobga olgan holda, bayram tadbiri yopiq zalda oʻtkaziladi.
Taking the weather into account, the celebration will be held in an indoor hall.
Word by Word: Weather-ACC account-to taken state-in, celebration event-its closed hall-in will-be-held.
- Kitob zamonaviy usullardan foydalangan holda yozilgan.
The book was written using modern methods.
Word by Word: Book modern methods-from used state-in was-written.
- U hech kimga aytmagan holda shaharni tark etdi.
He left the city without telling anyone.
Word by Word: He no-one-to not-told state-in city-ACC leaving did.
- Biz qonun talablariga rioya qilgan holda ishlaymiz.
We work in line with the requirements of the law.
Word by Word: We law requirements-its-to observance done state-in we-work.
Common Mistakes
Putting the -(i)b form before holda.
U kulib holda javob berdi.U kulgan holda javob berdi.Holda follows the -gan form. You can also drop holda and say kulib javob berdi.
Using -gan holda for a point in time (meant: when I came home, I ate).
Uyga kelgan holda, ovqatlandim.Uyga kelganimda, ovqatlandim.-gan holda describes a state or manner, not a moment. For when, use -ganda with a possessive ending.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Builds on While Staying, As It Is.
Related Patterns
- -(i)bLinking Actions with -(i)b
Often replaces -gan holda in speech: kulib javob berdi.
Level 3 - -masdan / -mayWithout Doing
Without doing; compare -magan holda.
Level 3 - -gan (sifatdosh)The Past Participle -gan
The participle that holda follows.
Level 3 - -gani bilanAlthough: -gani Bilan
With a possessive, -gani holda can mean although, like -gani bilan.
Level 5
Words in This Pattern
Practice -gan holda in Bubblegum
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