det är
It Is
To identify something, use patterns such as Det är en katt and Det är mina böcker. To describe an already identified cat, use Den är svart. The context determines which pronoun fits.
How It Works
det är is one of the most fundamental phrases in Swedish. It's used to identify people, things, and situations.
1. Identifying Nouns
The key feature of det är is its versatility. It's used for all types of nouns:
- en-words: `Det är en katt.` (It is a cat.)
- ett-words: `Det är ett hus.` (It is a house.)
- Plural nouns:
Det är mina vänner.(These are my friends.)
In this identifying pattern, det does not agree with the noun phrase that follows. The verb changes with tense, as in Det var mina vänner, and questions invert the order: Är det mina vänner?
2. det är vs. den/det/de är
This is a crucial distinction.
- Use
det ärto introduce or identify something. It does not have to be the first mention; a familiar referent can still need identification.
Vad är det där?- `Det är en ny cykel.` (What is that? - It's a new bike.) - Use den/det/de as pronouns to refer back to an identified referent, mentioned earlier or clear from the situation. The pronoun must agree with the noun's gender and number.
`Jag köpte en ny cykel. Den är röd.` (I bought a new bike. It is red.)
`Jag ser ett hus. Det är stort.` (I see a house. It is big.)
`Jag har nya skor. De är bekväma.` (I have new shoes. They are comfortable.)
3. Describing Situations & Stating Factsdet är is also used more broadly to talk about the weather, time, or general situations, similar to 'it is' in English.
Det är kallt idag.(It is cold today.)Det är viktigt att lära sig svenska.(It is important to learn Swedish.)Det är dags att gå.(It's time to go.)
Examples (6)
- Det är en hund.
It is a dog.
Word by Word: It is a dog.
- Det är ett stort hus.
It is a big house.
Word by Word: It is a big house.
- Det är mina böcker.
These are my books.
Word by Word: It is my books.
- Är det din jacka?
Is that your jacket?
Word by Word: Is it your jacket?
- Det är måndag idag.
It is Monday today.
Word by Word: It is Monday today.
- Det är svårt, men inte omöjligt.
It is difficult, but not impossible.
Word by Word: It is difficult, but not impossible.
Common Mistakes
Choosing den without a clear common-gender referent in the shown context.
Jag ser något. Den är en fågel.Jag ser något. Det är en fågel.In the shown context, något leaves the thing unidentified, so Det är en fågel is the natural continuation. Den can refer to a contextually identified common-gender referent; first mention alone does not make den impossible.
Assuming the identifying pronoun must match the following noun.
Den är en bil.Det är en bil.Det är en bil identifies something as a car. Den är en bil can also be grammatical if den already refers to a suitable object, for example a particular toy. These are context-dependent readings, not a categorical grammatical contrast.
How It Connects
Learn This First
To understand 'det är' (it is), you first need to be familiar with the pronoun 'det' and the present tense of the verb 'to be' (är). Since this pattern introduces the concept of an impersonal subject, a basic grasp of Swedish word order is also helpful.
- Basic pronouns
Understanding the pronoun 'det' (it) is essential as it serves as the formal subject in this construction.
Foundations - Basic verb conjugation
Knowledge of basic verb forms is required to understand 'är' as the present tense form of 'att vara' (to be).
Foundations - Word order basics
Understanding standard subject-verb placement is necessary to correctly structure impersonal sentences.
Foundations
Related Patterns
- det finnsThere Is/are
Det finns commonly presents existence with an empty subject. Det är can identify something with a referring det; it also has empty-subject uses in other constructions. The shared word does not make every det syntactically identical.
Level 2 - den/det/deIt/they (Definite)
Den/det/de can refer to an identified object or group according to gender and number. Identifying det can instead establish what something is. The distinction concerns reference and context, not simply first mention versus repetition.
Level 1 - Noun genders
While
Foundationsdet äritself doesn't change, it's usually followed by an article and a noun (e.g.,en bil,ett hus). Understanding noun genders is essential for choosing the correct article afterdet är. - det är...somDet Är...som Construction
Level 3det äris the foundation for theDet är...somstructure, which is used to add emphasis. For example,Det är jag som bestämmer.(It is I who decides.) This shows a more advanced use of the same basic phrase.
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.