Comparing Adjectives
Slovak compares most adjectives with endings, not with a word like more: starý → starší → najstarší (old, older, oldest).
How It Works
Adjectives have three degrees:
- Base: starý (old)
- Comparative: starší (older)
- Superlative: najstarší (oldest)
-ší or -ejší? No single rule works every time, so learn the comparative together with the adjective. These patterns help:
- Many short, common adjectives take -ší: mladý → mladší (younger), nový → novší (newer), drahý → drahší (more expensive), slabý → slabší (weaker), dlhý → dlhší (longer).
- Many others take -ejší, especially adjectives in -ný and ones with two consonants before the ending: krásny → krásnejší (more beautiful), lacný → lacnejší (cheaper), teplý → teplejší (warmer), múdry → múdrejší (wiser), zaujímavý → zaujímavejší (more interesting).
- Adjectives in -ký, -oký or -eký usually drop that part: vysoký → vyšší (taller), hlboký → hlbší (deeper), široký → širší (wider), krátky → kratší (shorter), blízky → bližší (closer), ľahký → ľahší (easier, lighter).
The superlative is always naj- plus the comparative: najvyšší, najlacnejší, najkratší.
The comparative and superlative always decline like cudzí, whatever the base adjective was: starší brat (older brother), staršia sestra (older sister), staršie auto (older car), v najlepšom hoteli (in the best hotel).
Do not add viac (more) to a comparative, because starší already means older. To say less, use menej with the base form: menej drahý (less expensive).
A few very common adjectives have irregular comparatives, like dobrý → lepší. They have their own lesson.
Examples (6)
- Môj brat je starší.
My brother is older.
Starý becomes starší with -ší.
- Hľadáme lacnejší hotel.
We're looking for a cheaper hotel.
Lacný takes -ejší.
- Táto cesta je kratšia.
This road is shorter.
Krátky drops -k- and shortens its vowel: kratší, and the feminine form is kratšia.
- Mám mladšiu sestru.
I have a younger sister.
Comparatives decline like cudzí, so the feminine accusative ends in -iu.
- Najteplejší mesiac je júl.
The warmest month is July.
Naj- plus teplejší makes the superlative.
- Gerlachovský štít je najvyšší vrch na Slovensku.
Gerlach Peak is the highest mountain in Slovakia.
Vysoký → vyšší → najvyšší.
Common Mistakes
Adding viac to a comparative.
Môj brat je viac starší.Môj brat je starší.Starší already means older, so viac is not needed.
Keeping -ok- in adjectives like hlboký.
Toto jazero je hlbokejšie.Toto jazero je hlbšie.Hlboký drops -ok- and takes -ší: hlbší, and the neuter form is hlbšie.
Using hard pekný endings on a comparative.
Mám mladšú sestru.Mám mladšiu sestru.Every comparative declines like cudzí, so the feminine accusative is -iu, not -ú.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Before Comparing Adjectives, learn Hard Adjectives Like pekný. Comparatives are formed from adjective stems.
Related Patterns
- Irregular Comparatives
The few everyday adjectives whose comparatives are irregular.
Level 2 - ako / nežThan: Ako and Než
How to say than after a comparative.
Level 2 - Soft Adjectives Like cudzí
The model every comparative and superlative follows.
Level 2 - -o / -e / -yAdverbs from Adjectives
Adverbs compare the same way, with -šie or -ejšie.
Level 2 - čoraz + ComparativeMore and More: Čoraz
Uses a comparative to say more and more.
Level 4 - čo najskôr / čo najviacAs ... as Possible
Uses a superlative to say as much as possible.
Level 4
Learn Next
Patterns that build on this one.