tu + te/teu / você + o/lhe/seu

In Portuguese, addressing someone requires choosing a 'track'.

1. The Tu Track (2nd Person)
Used for friends and family. In Portugal, it uses verbs ending in -s. In Brazil, tu is very common. In Northern and Northeastern states like Pará and Maranhão, it frequently preserves the standard 2nd-person conjugation. In other regions, including the South and famously in Rio de Janeiro, it is often mixed with 3rd-person verbs colloquially (e.g., tu fala).

• Object: te (serves as both direct and indirect object)
• Reflexive: te
• Prepositional: ti (e.g., para ti)
• Possessive: teu / tua
• Commands: Uses the informal imperative (e.g., fala).

2. The Você Track (3rd Person)
Grammatically, these use 3rd-person singular forms (like 'he/she').

• Brazil: Você is the neutral/informal default in many regions (like São Paulo) and media. True formality uses o senhor / a senhora. In casual speech, it is often shortened to cê.
• Portugal: The word você can sound cold or aggressive. Instead, speakers use the 3rd-person verb without a pronoun, or use o senhor / a senhora for anyone they don't know well.
• Object: o / a (direct) and lhe (indirect). Note: Spoken Brazilian Portuguese heavily avoids these, replacing lhe with prepositional phrases (e.g., para você) and o/a with subject pronouns (e.g., eu vi ele).
• Reflexive: se
• Possessive: seu / sua (Note: to avoid confusion with 'his/her', Brazilians often use dele / dela for 'his/her').
• Commands: Uses the formal imperative (e.g., fale).

Plural: For the plural, vocês is the standard in Brazil. In central/southern Portugal, vocês is the informal plural, while os senhores / as senhoras is used for formal plural address. However, in Northern Portugal, the traditional 2nd-person plural vós is still actively used for informal address.

Regional Nuance: While formal writing separates these tracks, Brazilian speech is famous for the mixed track. Brazilians might use você as the subject but mix in the object pronoun te or possessive teu (e.g., Você esqueceu o teu casaco?), or use tu with 3rd-person verbs but keep te. Become proficient in recognizing both to navigate different social settings.