estou te dizendo/estou a dizer-te
Clitics with the Progressive
To say 'I am telling you,' Brazilians typically say estou te dizendo, while Europeans say estou a dizer-te.
How It Works
In Portuguese, when you use a progressive construction (the 'ing' form in English), the placement of clitic pronouns like me, te, o, a, nos, vos, os, as follows regional rules:
1. Brazilian Portuguese (BP):
Brazilians favor proclisis (placing the pronoun before the main verb). The pronoun 'floats' as a separate, standalone word between the auxiliary verb estar and the gerund.
- Structure: estar + pronoun + gerund
- Note: While this 'floating' pronoun is the universal standard in spoken and modern BP, strict traditional grammar prefers attaching the pronoun with a hyphen to the auxiliary (estou-te dizendo) or the gerund (estou dizendo-te). In informal speech, Brazilians often use subject pronouns as objects (e.g., estou vendo ele).
2. European Portuguese (EP):
In affirmative sentences, Europeans always attach the pronoun with a hyphen. Crucially, leaving the pronoun 'floating' as a separate word without a hyphen between the verbs (e.g., estou te a ver) is strictly prohibited and always considered a spelling/grammar error in EP. They use two main structures. The most standard is enclisis to the infinitive, but 'clitic climbing' (moving the pronoun to the auxiliary) is also common for pronouns like me, te, se, nos, vos, lhe, lhes.
- Standard: estar a + infinitive-pronoun (e.g., estou a ver-te)
- Climbing: estar-pronoun + a + infinitive (e.g., estou-te a ver)
- Important: Clitic climbing with the pronouns o, a, os, as is completely standard in EP (e.g., estou-o a ver); however, attaching them to the infinitive (e.g., estou a vê-lo) is extremely common and often the preferred choice in both spoken and written EP to avoid an awkward vowel clash (hiatus).
- Regional Gerund: While the estar a + infinitive structure is standard, the gerund is still widely used in Southern Portugal (Alentejo, Algarve) and autonomous regions (Madeira, Azores). When used, it strictly follows EP hyphenation rules (estou-te dizendo or estou dizendo-te), never the BP floating rule.
3. The 'Magnetic' Rule & Negation:
Certain words (like não or nunca) pull the pronoun to the front.
- In BP: The pronoun can either stay 'floating' before the gerund (Não estou te dizendo) or be pulled in front of the auxiliary (Não te estou dizendo). Note that while the floating version is the modern spoken standard, strict traditional grammar (important for formal exams like Celpe-Bras) requires the negative word to attract the pronoun to the auxiliary.
- In EP: This usually results in the pronoun moving before the auxiliary as a separate word without a hyphen: Não te estou a ver. Notice that the hyphen is dropped when the pronoun is pulled to the front. However, keeping the pronoun at the end of the infinitive (Não estou a ver-te) is also grammatically correct. The only strict prohibition in EP is placing the pronoun after the auxiliary in a negative sentence (e.g., Não estou-te a ver is incorrect).
Examples (6)
- Eu estou te ouvindo agora.
I am listening to you now. (Brazilian style)
Word by Word: I am you hearing now.
In Brazil, the pronoun 'te' is placed before the gerund 'ouvindo'.
- Eu estou a ouvir-te agora.
I am listening to you now. (European style)
Word by Word: I am to hear-you now.
In Portugal, the pronoun 'te' is attached to the infinitive 'ouvir' with a hyphen.
- Eu estou vendo ele.
I am seeing him. (Colloquial Brazilian)
Word by Word: I am seeing he.
In informal Brazilian speech, it is very common to use subject pronouns as objects instead of clitics.
- Estou-te a ver.
I am seeing you. (European style - Clitic Climbing)
Word by Word: [I] am-you to see.
In European Portuguese, clitic pronouns like 'te' can 'climb' and attach to the auxiliary verb estar with a hyphen.
- Não estou te vendo.
I am not seeing you. (Brazilian style)
Word by Word: Not [I] am you seeing.
Even with negation, Brazilian Portuguese often keeps the pronoun before the gerund.
- Não te estou a ver.
I am not seeing you. (European style)
Word by Word: Not you [I] am to see.
In Portugal, negative words pull the pronoun to the front of the auxiliary verb, though attaching it to the infinitive (Não estou a ver-te) is also possible.
Common Mistakes
Omitting the hyphen in European Portuguese.
Estou a dizer te a verdade.Estou a dizer-te a verdade.In European Portuguese, when a pronoun is attached to the end of a verb (enclisis), a hyphen is mandatory.
Placing the pronoun between 'a' and the infinitive in Portugal.
Estou a te dizer.Estou a dizer-te.European Portuguese strictly avoids placing a clitic pronoun immediately after the preposition 'a' in this construction.
Using the gerund in a standard European context.
Estou te chamando.Estou a chamar-te.While understood, using the gerund (chamando) in Portugal sounds distinctly Brazilian. To sound natural in Portugal, use 'estar a + infinitive'.
How It Connects
Learn This First
To understand how object pronouns are placed in progressive sentences, you first need to be familiar with the two ways of forming the progressive (gerund vs. 'a' + infinitive) and the basic forms of object pronouns.
- estar + GerundPresent Progressive
This pattern builds upon the basic present progressive structure used in Brazil (estar + gerund).
Level 2 - estar a + InfinitiveEstar a + Infinitive (European Progressive)
This pattern builds upon the basic present progressive structure used in Portugal (estar a + infinitive).
Level 2 - me/te/o/a/nos/vos/os/asDirect Object Pronouns
Understanding direct object pronouns is essential as this pattern focuses specifically on their placement within progressive constructions.
Level 1
Related Patterns
- Brazilian vs European Clitic Placement
This is the broader concept covering all pronoun placement differences between the two regions.
Level 3 - não + Pronoun + VerbProclisis with Negation
Explains how negative words 'attract' the pronoun to the front, overriding regional defaults.
Level 2 - tu / vocêTu vs. Você
Regional pronoun choice often dictates which clitic (te vs o/a/lhe) is used in these patterns.
Level 1