گفت که

Reporting What Someone Said

Level 4

سارا گفت: «خسته‌ام.» → سارا گفت که خسته است.

How It Works

Change the speaking viewpoint. Sara’s direct خسته‌ام identifies Sara with the first-person ending. In سارا گفت که خسته است, the reporter uses third person for Sara. The report does not make the reporter tired.

Choose time from the intended relation. سارا گفت که خسته بود can locate tiredness at a past point. سارا گفت که خسته است can retain a relevant state as reported. The past reporting verb alone does not force every dependent predicate into one past tense.

Anchor time words. A speaker’s فردا is the day after their speaking time. A later report can say روز بعد when tomorrow would now point to the wrong day. If the reporter is speaking on the same day, فردا may still have the intended reference.

Keep source and fact distinct. رضا گفت که نامه را فرستاده است attributes sending to Reza’s report. The reporting construction does not independently verify that the letter was sent. Name the source again when a longer paragraph could make the attribution unclear.

Examples (4)

  1. سارا گفت که خسته است.

    Sara said that she is tired.

  2. سارا گفت که خسته بود.

    Sara said that she was tired.

    The intended past reference point must be clear in context.

  3. رضا گفت که نامه را فرستاده است.

    Reza said that he has sent the letter.

  4. سارا گفت که روز بعد می‌آید.

    Sara said that she would come the next day.

    روز بعد is anchored to the earlier speaking day.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

گفت کهLevel 4Reporting What Someone Said

Learn This First

Change viewpoint without changing the participant being described. Read the first-person and third-person state predicates. Anchor time words to the correct speaking situation.

Learn Next

Patterns that build on this one.