ahakoa

Despite or Although

Level 3

Ahakoa + noun phrase or clause, followed by the main claim.

How It Works

Ahakoa introduces a circumstance that could suggest a different outcome. With a noun phrase, English commonly uses “despite”; with a clause, “although” or “even though” is natural. The main statement retains the particles appropriate to its time, aspect or recommendation. Ahakoa has no person or number agreement.

A descriptive he clause can supply the concession: Ahakoa he roa te ara, he pai te hīkoi, “Although the route is long, the walk is enjoyable”. A negative clause can also follow ahakoa and retains its ordinary negative structure. Ahakoa itself does not negate that clause.

Compare concession with nā te mea, which gives a reason. “Although the route is long” acknowledges a potentially contrary consideration; “because the route is long” presents length as an explanation. The choice changes the relationship between the statements.

Examples (3)

  1. Ahakoa te makariri, i kauhoe a Hana i te roto.

    Despite the cold, Hana swam in the lake.

    A noun phrase supplies the concession.

  2. Ahakoa he tawhito te pahikara, he pai tonu.

    Although the bicycle is old, it is still good.

    A he description supplies the concession.

  3. Ahakoa kāore ngā kaiako i konei, me tīmata tātou.

    Although the teachers are not here, we should begin.

    The negative location clause precedes a recommendation.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

ahakoaLevel 3Despite or Although

Learn This First

Introduce concessions through both a noun phrase and a clause. Read the main report or recommendation as holding despite the circumstance, and distinguish that relationship from presenting the circumstance as a reason.