būšu + -is
The Future Perfect
Future of būt + past participle = "will have done": Līdz vakaram es būšu pabeidzis. (I will have finished by the evening.)
How It Works
1. The form. Take the future of būt and add the past active participle:
- es būšu pabeidzis / pabeigusi (I will have finished)
- tu būsi pabeidzis / pabeigusi
- viņš būs pabeidzis, viņa būs pabeigusi
- mēs būsim pabeiguši / pabeigušas
- jūs būsiet or būsit pabeiguši / pabeigušas
- viņi būs pabeiguši, viņas būs pabeigušas
2. Done before a future moment. The moment is often given with līdz (by) or with a kad clause in the future: Kad tu atnāksi, es jau būšu aizgājusi. (When you come, I will already have left.)
3. The simple future is often enough. Latvian speakers often use the simple future where English uses "will have": Līdz vakaram es to pabeigšu. (I will finish it by the evening.). The future perfect puts extra weight on the job being already done.
4. A guess about the past. The future perfect can also express a guess about something that has probably already happened: Viņš laikam būs aizmirsis. (He must have forgotten.). It often comes with laikam or droši vien (see probably and maybe).
5. Negation. Ne- goes on the auxiliary: Līdz piektdienai es vēl nebūšu izlasījis grāmatu. (By Friday I will not have read the book yet.)
Examples (5)
- Līdz vakaram es būšu pabeidzis.
I will have finished by the evening.
līdz + dative gives the future deadline. A woman says pabeigusi.
- Kad tu atnāksi, es jau būšu aizgājusi.
When you come, I will already have left.
The speaker is a woman, so the participle is aizgājusi.
- Līdz jūnijam mēs būsim pārcēlušies uz Rīgu.
By June we will have moved to Riga.
A reflexive verb has a reflexive participle: pārcelties → pārcēlušies.
- Nākamgad viņa būs beigusi skolu.
Next year she will have finished school.
beigt → beigusi for a woman.
- Viņš laikam būs aizmirsis.
He must have forgotten.
Here the future perfect makes a guess about the past.
Common Mistakes
Putting the main verb in the future too.
Es būšu pabeigšu līdz vakaram.Es būšu pabeidzis līdz vakaram.Only būt goes in the future. The main verb is a participle: pabeidzis or pabeigusi.
Forgetting to make the participle agree with the subject.
Līdz piektdienai viņa būs izlasījis grāmatu.Līdz piektdienai viņa būs izlasījusi grāmatu.For a woman, the participle ends in -usi: izlasījusi.
How It Connects
Learn This First
The future perfect follows the present perfect.
Related Patterns
- biju + -isThe Past Perfect
The same pattern with the past of būt: biju pabeidzis.
Level 4 - -is / -usi / -uši / -ušasPast Participle Agreement
How the participle agrees with the subject.
Level 4 - kad + FutureFuture After Kad
Kad clauses in the future often set the deadline.
Level 3 - laikam / droši vien / varbūtProbably and Maybe
Words that go with the future perfect when it makes a guess.
Level 4