esot + -is

Reported Past Events

Level 5

esot + a past participle passes on a past event you heard about: Viņš esot aizbraucis uz Londonu. (He has reportedly gone to London.)

How It Works

1. The pattern. Compare the plain and the reported forms:

Viņš ir aizbraucis. (He has left.) → Viņš esot aizbraucis. (He has reportedly left.)
Viņa ir nokārtojusi eksāmenu. (She has passed the exam.) → Viņa esot nokārtojusi eksāmenu.

2. Agreement. The participle changes for gender and number:

3. It covers all past time. The same form passes on both he left and he has left, because the renarrative has no separate simple past.

4. In stories. In a long retold story, esot is often left out after the first sentences, and the participle alone carries the meaning.

For the present, see renarrative -ot. News reports use this form a lot (see renarrative in news reports).

Viņš esot aizbraucis uz Londonu.
He has reportedly gone to London.
Word by Word: He reportedly-is gone-away to London.
Viņi esot apprecējušies.
They are said to have married.
Word by Word: They reportedly-are married.
Apprecēties is reflexive, so the plural participle ends in -ušies.
Anna esot nokārtojusi eksāmenu.
Anna has reportedly passed the exam.
Word by Word: Anna reportedly-is passed exam.
Mūsu kaimiņi esot pārdevuši māju.
Our neighbors have reportedly sold their house.
Word by Word: Our neighbors reportedly-are sold house.
Vakar esot bijis ļoti auksti.
Apparently it was very cold yesterday.
Word by Word: Yesterday reportedly-is been very cold.
Toreiz šeit esot bijusi skola.
There is said to have been a school here back then.
Word by Word: Back-then here reportedly-is been school.
Skola is feminine, so the participle is bijusi.

Using a masculine participle for a woman.
Viņa esot aizbraucis.
Viņa esot aizbraukusi.
The participle agrees with the subject. For one woman it ends in -usi.
Using a simple past verb after esot.
Viņš esot aizbrauca.
Viņš esot aizbraucis.
After esot you need a participle, just as after ir in the present perfect.
Using the singular participle for several people.
Viņi esot aizbraucis.
Viņi esot aizbraukuši.
For more than one person the participle is plural: -uši for men or mixed groups, -ušas for women.

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

esot + -isLevel 5Reported Past Events

The renarrative has a past form.

Patterns that build on this one.

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