Perfect Subjunctive: amaverim

Level 5

Perfect stem plus -erim, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint.

How It Works

amarehabereducereesse
Iamaverimhabuerimduxerimfuerim
youamaverishabuerisduxerisfueris
he, sheamaverithabueritduxeritfuerit
weamaverimushabuerimusduxerimusfuerimus
you allamaveritishabueritisduxeritisfueritis
theyamaverinthabuerintduxerintfuerint

A common job is the reported question after a present or future main verb: Nescio quis venerit (I do not know who came). The present subjunctive would say who is coming.

Except for the I form, the future perfect has the same endings. A clause that starts with si or cum and points to the future is a future perfect. A reported question after a present verb is the perfect subjunctive.

Examples (5)

  1. Nescio quis haec fecerit.

    I do not know who did this.

    Fecerit is the perfect subjunctive of facio. The act came before the main verb nescio.

  2. Marcus rogat cur Iulia venerit.

    Marcus asks why Iulia came.

    Venerit is the perfect subjunctive of venio. The main verb rogat is in the present, so the earlier act takes the perfect.

  3. Dic mihi quid audiveris.

    Tell me what you heard.

    Audiveris is the you form: you heard. The command dic is in the present, so the earlier act takes the perfect.

  4. Nescimus ubi fuerit Marcus.

    We do not know where Marcus has been.

    Fuerit comes from sum. After a question word in a reported question it is the perfect subjunctive.

  5. Rogant quid sacerdos dixerit.

    They ask what the priest said.

    Dixerit is the perfect subjunctive of dico. The priest spoke before they ask.

Common Mistakes

  • Using the pluperfect subjunctive after a present main verb.

    Nescio quis haec fecisset.
    Nescio quis haec fecerit.

    Fecisset belongs after a past main verb, as in Nesciebam quis haec fecisset. After the present nescio, an earlier act takes the perfect subjunctive fecerit.

How It Connects

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Perfect Subjunctive: amaverimLevel 5

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The perfect subjunctive is the perfect stem plus -erim, so the present subjunctive and the perfect come first.

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Words in This Pattern

amo