Although and Provided That

Level 5

Although and as long as: both take the subjunctive.

How It Works

Word	Meaning	Example
quamvis	although	Quamvis fessus sit, laborat.
licet	although	Licet pauper sim, felix sum.
dum, modo, dummodo	provided that	Dummodo veniat, laetus ero.
dum ne, dummodo ne	provided that not	Dum ne mentiaris.

In classical prose, quamvis takes the subjunctive and quamquam takes the indicative. Some later writers use the indicative after quamvis as well.

Quamvis literally means as much as you like, so quamvis fessus sit says however tired he may be.

Licet is also the verb it is allowed, which you met at Level 4. As a joining word it means although and takes the subjunctive: Licet pauper sim.

Examples (5)

Quamvis fessus sit, laborat.
Although he is tired, he works.
Quamvis admits the fact of the tiredness. Sit is the present subjunctive.
Licet pauper sim, felix sum.
Although I am poor, I am happy.
Licet as a joining word takes the subjunctive sim.
Dummodo veniat, laetus ero.
As long as he comes, I will be glad.
Dummodo sets a proviso, and veniat is the present subjunctive.
Dum ne mentiaris, omnia dicere potes.
As long as you do not lie, you can say anything.
Dum ne is the negative proviso. Mentiaris is the subjunctive of the deponent mentior.
Quamvis indignus sim, orare volo.
Although I am unworthy, I want to pray.
Quamvis with sim admits the fact: I am unworthy, and I still want to pray.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

Although and Provided ThatLevel 5

Learn This First

Although uses cum or other words with the subjunctive.

When, Since, Although: cum
Know cum with the subjunctive, because although is one of its meanings.
Level 5

Words in This Pattern

quamvisquamvislicetdummododum

Practice Although and Provided That in Bubblegum

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