をしている

Wearing/Having Feature

Level 2Sounds Like woshiteiru

The pattern 〜をしている (or 〜をしています) is used to describe the current state, appearance, or visible characteristics of a person or object. It is the standard way to say someone 'has' a certain feature (like blue eyes) or is 'wearing' an accessory (like a tie).

How It Works

This pattern is essential for describing the appearance, characteristics, or roles of people and objects. It is used in several main ways:

  • Physical Features, Shapes, and Colors: Describing body parts, build, or the visual appearance of objects. This pattern is generally used for objective observation of others or objects. When describing your own features, using patterns like 〜は〜が or 〜の...〜は is generally used instead. Using 〜をしている for your own body parts is generally considered unnatural or incorrect because the grammar inherently implies objective visual observation from the outside, and it is often marked as a mistake on tests. However, an important exception is when you are viewing yourself objectively, such as looking in a mirror (e.g., 鏡を見たら、ひどい顔をしていた(かがみをみたら、ひどいかおをしていた)) or wondering how you appear to others (e.g., 私、今どんな顔をしている?(わたし、いまどんなかおをしている?)).
  • Voices and Personalities: Describing audible features or someone's nature, such as 'having a beautiful voice' (きれいな声をしている(きれいなこえをしている)) or 'having a kind personality' (優しい性格をしている(やさしいせいかくをしている)).
  • Facial Expressions: Describing someone's expression, such as 'having a sad face' (悲しい顔をしている(かなしいかおをしている)). State vs. Action: Note the difference between the base action verb and the state. 変な顔をする(へんなかおをする) means the action of making a weird face. However, 変な顔をしている(へんなかおをしている) can be ambiguous out of context; it can mean either 'is currently making a weird face' (the ongoing result of an action) or 'has a weird-looking face' (an inherent physical feature).
  • Crucial Rule for Inherent Attributes: When describing inherent attributes (physical features, shapes, voices, personalities, and facial expressions), the noun must always be modified by an adjective or descriptive phrase. For example, you must say 'having blue eyes' (青い目をしている(あおいめをしている)), 'having a round shape' (丸い形をしている(まるいかたちをしている)), or 'having a beautiful color' (きれいな色をしている(きれいないろをしている)). You cannot simply say 目をしている(めをしている) or 声をしている(こえをしている). This rule does not apply to accessories (e.g., ネクタイをしている(ねくたいをしている)) or occupations (e.g., 学生をしている(がくせいをしている)).
  • Noun Modification: When describing a noun directly (e.g., 'the girl with blue eyes'), you can use the standard form 青い目をしている女の子(あおいめをしているおんなのこ). Alternatively, the form can change to 〜をした (e.g., 青い目をした女の子(あおいめをしたおんなのこ)), which is a preferred, elegant option for modification, though both are completely grammatical and common in everyday speech.
  • Accessories: Describing items 'attached' to the body, such as ties, watches, or jewelry. Note that for primary clothing like shirts or pants, you must use specific wearing verbs like 着る(きる) or 履く(はく). While する is often used as a convenient catch-all for accessories (e.g., 眼鏡をしている(めがねをしている)), native speakers frequently use specific verbs for these items, which are equally if not more common (e.g., 眼鏡をかける(めがねをかける), 指輪をはめる(ゆびわをはめる), マフラーを巻く(まふらーをまく), or 帽子をかぶる(ぼうしをかぶる)).
  • Occupations and Roles: Describing what someone does for a living or their active role, translating to 'working as a...' or 'serving the role of...'. For example, 弁護士をしている(べんごしをしている) means 'working as a lawyer'. While 学生です(がくせいです) is standard for simple introductions, 学生をしている(がくせいをしている) is perfectly valid and often used to emphasize one's active lifestyle or serving the role of a student.

Grammar Notes:
1. Sensory Input vs. Characteristics: Do not confuse this pattern with 〜がする, which is the standard pattern for sensory input. For example, 声がする(こえがする) means 'I hear a voice', whereas いい声をしている(いいこえをしている) means 'has a nice voice'. Furthermore, while 〜がする is used for the perception of a smell (匂い(におい)) or taste (味(あじ)), 〜をしている is used to describe an object's inherent smell or taste property (e.g., レモンの味をしている(れもんのあじをしている) or 変な匂いをしている(へんなにおいをしている)).
2. Colloquial Speech: In everyday spoken Japanese, 〜をしている is heavily contracted to 〜をしてる (e.g., いい顔してるね(いいかおしてるね)).
3. Disclaimer: Keep in mind that 〜をしている is also the standard present progressive for any する verb (e.g., 宿題をしている(しゅくだいをしている) - 'doing homework'). Context will tell you whether it means 'doing an action' or 'having a feature/role'.

Examples (6)

  1. 彼女はとてもきれいな目をしている。

    She has very beautiful eyes.

    Word by Word: She (topic) very beautiful eyes (object) is doing.

    Here, the pattern describes a physical feature (eyes). It emphasizes the visual impression of her eyes.

  2. 田中さんはいつも赤いネクタイをしています。

    Mr. Tanaka is always wearing a red tie.

    Word by Word: Tanaka-san (topic) always red tie (object) is doing.

    For accessories like ties, 〜をしている is the standard way to describe the state of wearing them.

  3. 兄は東京で医者をしています。

    My older brother is working as a doctor in Tokyo.

    Word by Word: Older brother (topic) Tokyo in doctor (object) is doing.

    This pattern is commonly used to describe someone's current occupation or professional role.

  4. 青い目をした女の子がこちらを見ています。

    A girl with blue eyes is looking this way.

    Word by Word: Blue eyes (object) did girl (subject) here (direction) is looking.

    When modifying a noun (the girl), the past form 〜をした is typically used instead of 〜をしている.

  5. 彼女はとてもきれいな声をしています。

    She has a very beautiful voice.

    Word by Word: She (topic) very beautiful voice (object) is doing.

    This demonstrates the pattern used with an audible feature. Notice that it requires a modifier (きれいな) before the noun (声).

  6. 彼は優しい性格をしています。

    He has a kind personality.

    Word by Word: He (topic) kind personality (object) is doing.

    The pattern can also describe someone's inner nature or personality, treating it as an inherent characteristic.

Common Mistakes

  • Using 〜をしている for primary clothing like shirts or pants.

    彼は白いシャツをしています。(かれはしろいシャツをしています。)
    彼は白いシャツを着ています。(かれはしろいシャツをきています。)

    Clothing that you put your limbs through (shirts, pants, coats) requires specific verbs like 着る(きる) or 履く(はく) in the 〜ている form. 〜をしている is reserved for accessories and physical features.

  • Describing a physical feature without an adjective or modifier.

    彼女は目をしています。(かのじょはめをしています。)
    彼女は青い目をしています。(かのじょはあおいめをしています。)

    When using 〜をしている to describe physical features, shapes, or colors, the noun MUST be modified by an adjective or descriptive phrase. You cannot simply state that someone 'has eyes' or 'has a shape'.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

をしているLevel 2Wearing/Having Feature

Learn This First

To understand 'をしている', you need to know how the object marker 'を' functions and how the 'ている' form describes an ongoing state rather than just an action. It is also helpful to know how to modify nouns with adjectives to describe specific features like 'long hair' or 'blue eyes'.

Words in This Pattern

為る居る