termasuk

Including with Termasuk

Level 3

Use termasuk to show that something is part of a group, a member of a category, or included in a price or list.

How It Works

Termasuk is a versatile word in Indonesian used to define membership or inclusion. It expresses inclusion or membership without requiring a prior physical act of entering.

1. Membership in a Category
When used to describe a person or object belonging to a class, the structure is usually: Subject + termasuk + Category. It can itself serve as the predicate; the concise membership model needs no added adalah before it. While termasuk is often sufficient on its own, using termasuk dalam is also standard in formal contexts to emphasize being 'within' a group.
Example: Dia termasuk (dalam) kategori atlet profesional.

2. Non-Exhaustive Lists
It is frequently used to introduce examples within a larger group, similar to 'including' in English. While it can add emphasis to a specific member of a group, it is not a direct synonym for bahkan (even).
Example: Semua orang, termasuk anak-anak, harus membayar. (Everyone, including children, must pay.)

3. Commercial Inclusion
In business contexts, it indicates that a service or item is covered by a payment. It is often modified by sudah (already) or tidak (not).
Example: Harga ini sudah termasuk pajak. (This price already includes tax.)

4. Negation
Standardly, termasuk is negated with tidak because it functions as a verb. However, in formal, legal, or academic contexts, you may see bukan used in corrective or contrastive discourse involving the classification (e.g., Hal ini bukan termasuk pelanggaran hukum).

Inclusion and Emphasis: Dia termasuk anggota tim is the concise membership model without adalah. To emphasize the surprising low threshold even a small child, use Bahkan anak kecil bisa melakukannya. A termasuk phrase can instead add children to an already mentioned group; that is an inclusion reading, not necessarily an incorrect sentence fragment in context.

Examples (4)

  1. Harga kamar hotel ini sudah termasuk sarapan.

    The price of this hotel room already includes breakfast.

    Word by Word: Price room hotel this already included breakfast.

    Here, 'termasuk' shows that breakfast is part of the service package.

  2. Banyak hewan di Indonesia terancam punah, termasuk harimau Sumatra.

    Many animals in Indonesia are threatened with extinction, including the Sumatran tiger.

    Word by Word: Many animal in Indonesia threatened extinct, including tiger Sumatra.

    In this sentence, 'termasuk' introduces a specific example of the general category 'threatened animals'.

  3. Dia termasuk salah satu siswa paling cerdas di sekolah kami.

    He/she is one of the most intelligent students in our school.

    Word by Word: He/she included one-of student most intelligent in school our.

    This demonstrates membership in a specific group (intelligent students).

  4. Biaya pendaftaran tidak termasuk buku teks.

    The registration fee does not include textbooks.

    Word by Word: Cost registration not included book text.

    Using 'tidak' with 'termasuk' to show exclusion from a set.

Common Mistakes

  • Using termasuk when the intended meaning is I also want to eat now.

    Saya termasuk mau makan sekarang.
    Saya juga mau makan sekarang.

    For the intended addition also, use juga. Termasuk instead places something within a group or set; a contextually supplied category would be a different reading.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

termasukLevel 3Including with Termasuk

Learn This First

To understand 'termasuk', learners should be familiar with the 'ter-' prefix which indicates a resulting state (in this case, the state of being 'entered' or 'included'). Since 'termasuk' often links a subject to a category, understanding how Indonesian handles noun predicates and additive concepts like 'juga' (also) provides the necessary grammatical and logical foundation.

Words in This Pattern

termasuk