pay
Still, More or Also
Pay can express “still” in a state, “not yet” with negation, or an additional ability.
How It Works
Pay follows an early expression in its clause. With a short subject pronoun, the patterns illustrated here put that pronoun before pay: makalutoak pay. Pay is written separately and remains unchanged across persons and numbers.
With a state or availability statement, pay can mean “still.” With awan or a negative predicate, it can express “not yet”: an expected presence or event has not occurred. Compare the fragments adda pay, “there is still some,” and awan pay, “there is none yet.”
In a discussion of abilities, pay can add another ability and mean “also.” The surrounding discussion determines whether something continues or is added. Pay does not itself supply a verb’s aspect or fix the clause to an English tense.
Examples (3)
- Adda pay ti gatas.
There is still some milk.
The availability of milk continues.
- Awan pay ti doktor.
The doctor is not here yet.
In a situation where a doctor is expected, pay marks the expected presence as not yet established.
- Makalutoak pay.
I can also cook.
In a discussion of abilities, cooking is added to an ability already mentioned.
Related Patterns
- addaSaying Something Exists
Adda pay presents continuing presence or availability.
Level 1 - awanSaying There Is None
Awan pay can express expected presence or availability that has not begun.
Level 1 - Change Particle -en / -nAlready and a New State
The change particle updates a situation, while temporal pay marks continuation or nonoccurrence yet.
Level 2 - maka- / naka-Being Able to Do Something
Pay can add another ability in a maka- clause.
Level 3 - Putting Short Attached Words in Order
The illustrated short subject pronoun precedes pay.
Level 2
Practice pay in Bubblegum
Poppy, your AI tutor, writes Ilocano lessons at your level. Tap any grammar point in a lesson to see its full explanation.
