vera kominn
Arrived and Gone (Vera Kominn)
Hann er kominn means he has arrived and is here now. Hún er farin means she has left and is gone.
How It Works
Common participles.
- koma → kominn: Er pabbi kominn heim?
- fara → farinn: Lestin er farin.
- verða → orðinn: Það er orðið dimmt.
- sofna → sofnaður: Barnið er sofnað.
- vakna → vaknaður: Ertu vaknaður?
- hætta → hættur: Ég er hættur að reykja.
Agreement. The ending shows who the subject is: Hann er kominn. Hún er komin. Barnið er komið. Þeir eru komnir. Þær eru komnar. Þau eru komin. A mixed group uses the neuter plural: Við erum komin! (We're here!) farinn works the same way: farinn, farin, farið; farnir, farnar, farin.
vera kominn or hafa komið? Both look like English has come, but they mean different things. Hann er kominn til Íslands means he is in Iceland now. Hann hefur komið til Íslands means he has been to Iceland at some time (see the perfect). The past works the same way: Þegar ég kom var hún farin (When I arrived, she had left; see the past perfect).
Useful phrases. Það er kominn tími til að fara (It's time to go), where kominn agrees with tími. Það er komið kvöld (It's evening already). For búinn in Ég er búinn að borða, see vera búinn að.
Examples (6)
- Hann er kominn heim.
He has come home.
Word by Word: He is come home.
- Hún er farin.
She has left.
Word by Word: She is gone.
- Ég er orðinn þreyttur.
I've got tired.
Word by Word: I am become tired.
A man says orðinn þreyttur; a woman says orðin þreytt.
- Er rútan komin?
Has the bus arrived?
Word by Word: Is the-coach come?
rúta is feminine, so the participle is komin.
- Við erum komin!
We're here!
Word by Word: We are come!
komin is the neuter plural, used for a mixed group.
- Ég er hættur að reykja.
I've quit smoking.
Word by Word: I am quit to smoke.
Common Mistakes
Not matching the participle to a female subject.
Hún er kominn.Hún er komin.The participle agrees with the subject. kominn is masculine; for hún it is komin.
Using the masculine singular with a plural subject.
Við erum kominn heim.Við erum komin heim.A plural subject needs a plural participle: komin for a mixed group, komnir for men, komnar for women.
How It Connects
Learn This First
vera kominn builds on vera búinn að.
Related Patterns
- Past Participles as Adjectives
The participles here inflect like adjectives.
Level 3 - hafa + SupineThe Perfect (Hef Talað)
The perfect with hafa, which talks about experience rather than a present result.
Level 2 - verða (Become)Become (Verða)
Its participle orðinn gives Það er orðið kalt.
Level 3 - hafði + SupineThe Past Perfect (Hafði Talað)
The past perfect; with motion verbs, var farinn often does the same job.
Level 3 - Adjectives Agree With Nouns
The same gender and number endings as on adjectives.
Level 1
Words in This Pattern
Practice vera kominn in Bubblegum
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