-ig- / -iĝ-
Make or Become: -ig- and -iĝ-
-ig- needs an object, and -iĝ- cannot have one.
How It Works
| Root | -ig- (someone causes it) | -iĝ- (it happens) |
|---|---|---|
| sid- | Ewa sidigas la infanon. | La infano sidiĝas. |
| klar- | Ana klarigas la regulon. | La regulo klariĝas. |
| long- | Ni longigas la kunvenon. | La tagoj longiĝas. |
Every -ig- verb has an object, which is the thing that changes. An -iĝ- verb has no object. Its subject is the thing that changes. That is why the object in an -ig- sentence becomes the subject in the matching -iĝ- sentence.
The -iĝ- verb says that the change happens to the subject, often without a doer in the sentence. The -ig- verb always has someone or something behind the change.
Examples (5)
- Ewa sidigas la infanon sur la seĝon.
Ewa sits the child down on the chair.
Sidigas needs an object: la infanon is the one who is made to sit. The -n on seĝon shows where the child is moved to.
- La infano sidiĝas sur la seĝo.
The child sits down on the chair.
Sidiĝas has no object: the child sits down by itself. Sur la seĝo names the place where the child sits.
- La instruisto klarigas la regulon al la studentoj.
The teacher explains the rule to the students.
Klarigas has an object: la regulon is made clear.
- Post la klarigo la regulo klariĝas.
After the explanation the rule becomes clear.
Klariĝas has no object: the rule becomes clear.
- La tagoj longiĝas en la printempo.
The days get longer in spring.
Longiĝas has no object: the days change by themselves.
Common Mistakes
Putting an object after an -iĝ- verb.
Ewa sidiĝas la infanon sur la seĝon.Ewa sidigas la infanon sur la seĝon.An -iĝ- verb has no object. Ewa makes the child sit, so use -ig-.
Using -ig- with no object.
La infano sidigas sur la seĝo.La infano sidiĝas sur la seĝo.An -ig- verb needs an object. The child sits down by itself, so use -iĝ-.
How It Connects
Learn This First
-ig- and -iĝ- can be compared with the same root.
Related Patterns
- -ig--ig-: Make or Cause
The ending for making something happen.
Level 3 - Verbs With and Without an Object
Why one pattern has an object and the other has none.
Level 3 - ek-Ek-: Begin or Sudden Action
Another prefix that marks a change.
Level 3 - Object Ending -nThe Object Ending -n
The ending on the object of an -ig- verb.
Level 1