-end-

-end-: Must Be Done

Level 5

-end- says that something has to be done.

How It Works

VerbWith -end-Meaning
farifarendato be done
pagipagendadue, to be paid
solvisolvendato be solved
tradukitradukendato be translated

As with -ebl- and -ind-, the verb has an object, and the -end- word describes the thing that the action is done to. It agrees with its noun like any adjective: pagendaj fakturoj.

The suffix -end- is fairly rare. Compare the three: legebla can be read, leginda is worth reading, and farenda has to be done. The word says what must happen to the thing, and it does not say who must do it: pagendaj fakturoj are bills that have to be paid, whoever pays them.

Examples (4)

  1. Kenji havas du pagendajn fakturojn.

    Kenji has two bills that have to be paid.

    Pagendajn agrees with fakturojn, so it has -jn.

  2. La problemo estas solvenda tuj.

    The problem must be solved at once.

    Solvenda means that it has to be solved.

  3. Ni skribis liston de ĉio farenda antaŭ la kongreso.

    We wrote a list of everything that has to be done before the congress.

    Farenda describes ĉio: it is what has to be done.

  4. Mi havas tradukendan tekston por Priya.

    I have a text for Priya that has to be translated.

    Tradukendan agrees with tekston, so it has -n.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

-end-Level 5-end-: Must Be Done

Learn This First

The ending -end- is the sister of -ebl-.