بدون اینکه
Without Doing
Do not add نـ to the verb, because بدون already carries the "without".
How It Works
بدون means "without". Before a noun it stands alone: چای را بدون شکر می‌خورم. (I drink my tea without sugar.)
Before an action, add اینکه and use the present subjunctive. The subjunctive starts with بـ: بگوید (he says), بداند (she knows), بخورد (he eats).
| Main verb | Example |
|---|---|
| past | او بدون اینکه چیزی بگوید، رفت. (He left without saying anything.) |
| present | او بدون اینکه کسی بداند، کمک می‌کند. (She helps without anyone knowing.) |
The main verb sets the time. The subjunctive after بدون اینکه looks the same in both sentences.
The verb after بدون اینکه has its own ending, so it can name a different person: بدون اینکه کسی بداند. When one person does both things, the infinitive can work as a noun after بدون: بدون فکر کردن جواب نده. (Don't answer without thinking.)
Never add نـ to the verb. بدون already says "without", so بگوید gives "without saying". نگوید would add a second "not".
Examples (5)
- او بدون اینکه چیزی بگوید، از اتاق بیرون رفت.
He left the room without saying anything.
بگوید is the subjunctive, and رفت gives the time.
- او بدون اینکه کسی بداند، نامه را فرستاد.
She sent the letter without anyone knowing.
کسی بداند has a new subject, so the verb has its own ending.
- من چای را بدون شکر می‌خورم.
I drink my tea without sugar.
Before a noun, بدون stands alone.
- بدون اینکه نان چاشت بخورد، به دفتر رفت.
He went to the office without having lunch.
بخورد is the subjunctive of خوردن.
- بدون فکر کردن جواب نده.
Don't answer without thinking.
فکر کردن is an infinitive that works as a noun after بدون.
Common Mistakes
Adding نـ after بدون اینکه.
او بدون اینکه چیزی نگوید، رفت.او بدون اینکه چیزی بگوید، رفت.بدون already means "without". With نگوید, the sentence would say "without not saying".
Using می after بدون اینکه.
بدون اینکه چیزی می‌گوید، رفت.بدون اینکه چیزی بگوید، رفت.The verb after بدون اینکه is the subjunctive with بـ, and not the present tense with می.
How It Connects
Learn This First
The verb after بدون اینکه takes the subjunctive.
Related Patterns
- قبل از اینکهBefore Something Happens
قبل از اینکه also takes اینکه and the subjunctive.
Level 4 - به جایIn Place of with به جای
به جای اینکه names an action that is replaced, and بدون اینکه names one that is left out.
Level 4 - بی، با، پرAdjectives with بی، با and پر
بی is a short way to say "without" before a noun, as in بی‌کار.
Level 5
Words in This Pattern
Practice بدون اینکه in Bubblegum
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