mít + Object + Passive Participle

Structure & Agreement:
The construction consists of the conjugated verb mít, a direct object, and a passive participle. Crucially, the participle must agree with the direct object. For example: Máme pokoje rezervované (We have the rooms reserved).

Agent vs. Beneficiary:
This pattern can express two different relationships. Very often, the subject is the active agent who performed the action themselves (e.g., Mám uvařeno - I have finished cooking; Mám ten úkol napsaný - I have my homework written). However, it is equally common to use it to express that you had something done by someone else (the beneficiary/possessive resultative). For example, Mám auto opravené usually means 'I had my car repaired' (by a mechanic), not necessarily that you repaired it yourself.

Register Differences & Objectless Usage:
When there is an explicit object, everyday spoken Czech overwhelmingly prefers the long adjectival form (Mám ten e-mail napsaný). Using the short nominal form with an object (Mám ten e-mail napsán) is restricted to formal or literary contexts. If you encounter this formal short form, note that its endings must agree with the object's gender, number, and crucially, its accusative case. Because standard tables of short passive participles usually only list nominative forms, you must remember to use the accusative endings here (e.g., feminine accusative -u instead of nominative -a: Mám tu knihu přečtenu; for masculine animate plural, while the nominative is chlapci jsou spočítáni, the accusative is mám ty chlapce spočítány). However, this construction is very frequently used without an object to express a general completed state. In these objectless sentences, the short neuter form ending in -o is the only natural option and is used in all registers (e.g., Mám uvařeno - I have finished cooking; Mám hotovo - I am done. Note that hotovo is technically the short neuter form of the adjective hotový, not a passive participle derived from a verb, but it behaves identically in this syntactic structure).

Not a Present Perfect Tense:
A common myth is that this is the Czech equivalent of the English present perfect. It is actually a syntactic voice operation, not a grammatical tense, and is highly restricted. The most important mechanical reason this is not a universal present perfect tense is that the verb must be able to form a passive participle. While this usually means it is limited to transitive verbs (verbs that take a direct object), it also includes some intransitive verbs that allow impersonal passives (e.g., mám zatopeno - I have made a fire; mám dobojováno - I have finished fighting). Therefore, you cannot use it with most intransitive verbs of motion or state (e.g., you cannot say *mám přijito for "I have arrived"). Additionally, you cannot use this construction with imperfective verbs of perception or state (like vidět or slyšet); for example, you cannot say *mám to viděno to mean "I have seen it". Perfective verbs are the standard choice for expressing completion (e.g., mám uklizeno, or mám vypito - note the vowel shortening from vypít in this highly frequent perfective form). Imperfective verbs are sometimes used in this construction (e.g., mám vařeno, máme malováno) as highly colloquial or regional variants, but they still imply absolute completion just like their perfective counterparts. While you cannot use it with bare intransitive verbs (e.g., you cannot say *mám spáno for "I have slept"), adding a prefix often makes an intransitive verb quantifiable, allowing the construction (e.g., mám naspáno osm hodin - I have slept my eight hours). Furthermore, when using verbs that normally take a reflexive pronoun as an object (like koupit si or vymyslet si), the reflexive pronoun must be dropped in this construction (e.g., Mám to vymyšleno, not *Mám si to vymyšleno).

Word Order Nuance:
Placing the participle after the noun (Mám oběd uvařený) unambiguously forces the resultative reading. However, placing it before the noun (Mám uvařený oběd) can be ambiguous; it is very commonly used for the resultative meaning ("I have cooked lunch"), but it can also simply express pure possession with an attributive adjective ("I have a cooked lunch").