mít + Passive Participle

This Level 6 construction is highly frequent in Czech but requires a precise understanding of its nuance and morphology.

1. Meaning and Perspective
It differs from the standard passive (Periphrastic passive with být) by focusing on the person who caused or benefits from the state, rather than just the object. While the subject of mít is often an animate agent or beneficiary, inanimate subjects are also very common when expressing a whole-part relationship (e.g., Auto má vyměněný motor or Dům má opravenou střechu). While Dveře jsou zamčené simply states 'The doors are locked', Má dveře zamčené means 'He has the doors locked'. The subject can be the person who performed the action (Mám uvařeno = I cooked it myself) or the beneficiary who had it done for them (Mám uvařeno = Someone cooked it for me / I have my food ready).

2. Morphological Agreement and Word Order

• With a direct object: The long adjectival form agrees in gender, number, and case (Accusative) with the object (mám úkol napsaný). While using the short form for masculine/feminine objects (e.g., mám tu knihu přečtenu) is archaic and bookish, neuter pronoun objects (to, všechno, něco) frequently take the short neuter -o ending in everyday spoken Czech (mám to zaplaceno alongside mám to zaplacené). The word order is flexible: Mám úkol napsaný vs. Mám napsaný úkol.
• Without an explicit direct object: The participle takes the neuter singular -o ending (mám uklizeno, máme nakoupeno). Note that verbs like uklidit, nakoupit, or uvařit are still inherently transitive verbs; their objects are simply implied or omitted in these cases.

3. Aspectual Condition
While frequently formed from perfective verbs (Perfective aspect for completed action) to show a completed resultant state, imperfective verbs are also perfectly valid and common for expressing ongoing, continuous, or habitual states (e.g., Mám to placené, Mám to hlídané).

4. Tense and Mood Flexibility
The verb mít can be conjugated into past and future tenses to express past or future states (e.g., Měl jsem to napsané, Budu to mít udělané). It is also highly frequent in the conditional mood (e.g., Měl bych to udělané).

5. Dropping Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive verbs can be used to form this construction, but their reflexive pronouns (se/si) must be dropped. You cannot say *mám se umyto or *mám si nakoupeno. The pronouns are omitted because mít already implies possession or benefit (e.g., Koupil jsem si auto becomes Mám koupené auto).

6. Transitivity and The 'Perfect Tense' Myth
While it translates literally to English 'have' + participle, it is not a perfect tense. It strictly expresses a state and relies almost exclusively on transitive verbs. It cannot be used with intransitive verbs of motion or activity to simply state a past action. For example, you cannot say *mám jito ('I have gone') or *mám cestováno ('I have traveled'). However, intransitive verbs can be used if they are transitivized with a prefix to express a quantity of an action (e.g., spát -> naspat hodiny -> mám naspáno). Furthermore, verbs that lack a passive participle cannot form this pattern.

7. Contrast with mít + infinitive
Do not confuse mít + passive participle (State/Result: Mám to udělané = I have it done) with mít + infinitive (Obligation with mít plus infinitive: Mám to udělat = I am supposed to do it).

8. Lexicalized Idioms
This construction forms several highly frequent idioms that learners should know, such as mít vyhráno (to have it made / be out of the woods), mít vystaráno (to be set / have nothing to worry about), mít na někoho spadeno (to have it in for someone), and mít vypito (to be tipsy).