s / sa + Instrumental

Together with Someone

Level 2

S or sa followed by the instrumental marks accompaniment or co-presence. S prijateljem means with a friend.

How It Works

Compare Putujem s prijateljem. and Putujem sa sestrom. Both companions are instrumental. The s at the start of sestrom calls for the expanded sa.

Standard sa is also used before mnom: sa mnom, written as two words. Other pronouns have their own full instrumental forms, such as s njim or s njom.

Means and accompaniment are different. Standard putujem vlakom identifies the means of travel without s, while putujem s prijateljem names company. Also distinguish source s + genitive, as in s posla.

Examples (4)

  1. Putujem s prijateljem.

    I am travelling with a friend.

    Prijateljem is instrumental accompaniment.

  2. Razgovaram sa sestrom.

    I am talking with my sister.

    Sa precedes sestrom.

  3. Ideš li sa mnom?

    Are you coming with me?

    Sa mnom uses the full instrumental pronoun and two words.

  4. Ana je s njim.

    Ana is with him.

    Njim is a full instrumental form.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

s / sa + InstrumentalLevel 2Together with Someone

Learn This First

The instrumental forms support the contrast between accompaniment and means.

Words in This Pattern

s