Passive Participles in -n / -t

Past Passive Participles

Level 5

Forms such as napisan, otvoren and uzet describe a participant affected by an action. Their suffix patterns differ, and their endings show agreement.

How It Works

The main suffix families include -n, -en, -jen and -t, with possible stem changes. They are not interchangeable endings that can all be added to any infinitive.

Agreement produces forms such as napisan, napisana, napisano in singular and napisani, napisane, napisana in plural. Case endings appear when the form modifies a noun inside a phrase.

In a passive verb group, a form of biti supplies tense and person while the participle describes the affected subject. Many participles also function as adjectives describing a state. A verb’s lexical properties determine whether a natural passive participle is available.

Examples (3)

  1. Na stolu je napisano pismo.

    There is a written letter on the table.

  2. Pronašli smo izgubljenu torbu.

    We found the lost bag.

  3. Sva su mjesta već zauzeta.

    All the seats are already taken.

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

Passive Participles in -n / -tLevel 5Past Passive Participles

Learn This First

A passive participle behaves as an agreeing form with gender, number and case.