есці / даць
Irregular Verbs Есці and Даць
Есці (to eat): ем, ясі, есць, ядзім, ясце, ядуць. Даць (to give): дам, дасі, дасць, дадзім, дасце, дадуць.
How It Works
Most verbs follow the first or the second conjugation. Есці and даць are exceptions.
Есці (to eat), present tense:
- я ем · ты ясі · ён, яна есць
- мы ядзім · вы ясце · яны ядуць
Past: еў, ела, елі. Command: еш, ешце.
Даць (to give), future tense:
- я дам · ты дасі · ён, яна дасць
- мы дадзім · вы дасце · яны дадуць
Past: даў, дала, далі. Command: дай, дайце.
Aspect matters. Даць is perfective: it is about one complete act. Its forms look like a present tense but mean the future: Я дам табе адказ заўтра. (I will give you an answer tomorrow.) For giving as a habit or in progress, use the imperfective partner даваць: даю, даеш, дае, даём, даяце, даюць. The perfective partner of есці is з'есці (to eat up): з'ем, з'ясі…
Prefixed verbs follow the same pattern: прадаць (to sell) → прадам, прадасі; перадаць (to pass on) → перадам.
The person you give to goes in the dative: Дай мне кнігу. See the dative for the recipient.
Examples (6)
- Што ты ясі?
What are you eating?
Word by Word: What you eat?
- Мы ядзім у кавярні.
We are eating at a café.
Word by Word: We eat in café.
- Дзеці ядуць суп.
The children are eating soup.
Word by Word: Children eat soup.
- Дай мне кнігу, калі ласка.
Give me the book, please.
Word by Word: Give me book, please.
Дай is the command form of даць.
- Я дам табе адказ заўтра.
I will give you an answer tomorrow.
Word by Word: I will-give you answer tomorrow.
Дам is perfective, so it refers to the future.
- Вы дасце мне ваш нумар?
Will you give me your number?
Word by Word: You will-give me your number?
Common Mistakes
Using the Russian form ешь.
Што ты ешь?Што ты ясі?The Belarusian ты form of есці is ясі. Еш exists only as the command "eat!".
Using a form of даць for a repeated action in the present.
Я кожны дзень дам кату ваду.Я кожны дзень даю кату ваду.Дам means "I will give" once. For something you do regularly, use даваць: даю.
Writing д instead of дз before і.
Мы дадім вам ключ.Мы дадзім вам ключ.Before і, д becomes дз in Belarusian: дадзім.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Есці and даць are exceptions to the present tense.
Related Patterns
- Verb Aspect
Даць and даваць, есці and з'есці are aspect partners.
Level 2 - Perfective Aspect
Даць is perfective, so its present-looking forms mean the future.
Level 2 - Perfective Future
Дам, дасі, дасць are an example of the perfective future.
Level 3 - Singular Imperative
Дай and еш are irregular command forms.
Level 2 - Dative for the Recipient
The person you give something to is in the dative.
Level 2 - Tsekanye and Dzekanye
Explains the дз in дадзім and ядзім.
Level 1