ní ... láti
Having an Obligation
Ní láti introduces a required action; kò ní láti removes the requirement.
How It Works
Build the affirmative pattern as subject + ní láti + action, including the objects or other dependents the action requires. The main subject performs the required action; no new subject pronoun follows láti in this pattern. The markers receive no person or number endings. A preceding future marker can place the requirement in a prospective frame.
Preserve high-tone ní; mid-tone focus ni has another function. Wanting an action and having to perform it express different attitudes: desire can be absent while a requirement remains. The reference explicitly glosses kò ní láti as “do not have to.” Thus A kò ní láti ra omi says buying water is unnecessary; Ẹ má ra omi instructs the addressees not to buy it. Absence of a requirement alone says nothing about ability or permission. Affirmative ní láti does not identify whether the requirement comes from a rule or circumstances.
Examples (3)
- Adé ní láti ra ìwé.
Adé has to buy a book.
The complement specifies the required action.
- Wọ́n máa ní láti lọ sí ilé-ìwé.
They will have to go to school.
Máa supplies a prospective frame.
- A kò ní láti ra omi.
We do not have to buy water.
The negative removes necessity without expressing prohibition.
How It Connects
Learn This First
Subject + ní láti + action expresses “have to.”