gyda / efo

With: Gyda (South) and Efo (North)

Level 1

With is gyda in the South and in writing, and efo in the North: Dw i'n mynd gyda Siân / Dw i'n mynd efo Siân.

How It Works

Two regional words, one meaning. Gyda is Southern and is the usual form in writing; efo (also spelled hefo) is Northern. Both mean "with": with a person (gyda Siân, efo Siân) or with a thing (te gyda llaeth, te efo llefrith).

With pronouns: gyda fi, gyda ti, gyda fe, gyda hi, gyda ni, gyda chi, gyda nhw (South); efo fi, efo ti, efo fo, efo hi, efo ni, efo chi, efo nhw (North). Northern speech also often uses chdi for "you" here: efo chdi; see chdi.

Short 'da. In Southern speech gyda is often 'da: Dere 'da fi! (Come with me!). In writing, gyda becomes gydag before a vowel: gydag Aled.

Mutation. Efo causes no change: efo coffi, efo plant. In careful and written Welsh, gyda causes aspirate mutation (gyda thad Siân); in speech this is usually left out. See â gyda tua na + aspirate mutation.

Owning things. The South also uses gyda for possession: Mae car gyda fi (I have a car); see Having in the South. The North uses gen i for this instead: Mae gen i gar; see Having in the North.

Examples (6)

  1. Dw i'n mynd gyda Siân.

    I'm going with Siân.

    South and standard writing: gyda.

  2. Dw i'n mynd efo Siân.

    I'm going with Siân.

    North: efo.

  3. Te gyda llaeth, os gwelwch yn dda.

    Tea with milk, please.

    South: gyda and llaeth.

  4. Te efo llefrith, os gwelwch yn dda.

    Tea with milk, please.

    North: efo and llefrith. Efo causes no mutation.

  5. Dere 'da fi!

    Come with me!

    South: 'da is the spoken short form of gyda; dere means come.

  6. Wyt ti eisiau dod efo ni?

    Do you want to come with us?

    North: efo ni.

How It Connects

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gyda / efoLevel 1With: Gyda (South) and Efo (North)

Words in This Pattern