fy + Nasal Mutation

My: Fy + Nasal Mutation

Level 2

fy + noun + i = my. The noun takes nasal mutation: car → fy nghar i (my car).

How It Works

With each letter

  • pen → fy mhen i my head
  • tad → fy nhad i my father
  • car → fy nghar i my car
  • brawd → fy mrawd i my brother
  • drws → fy nrws i my door
  • gwaith → fy ngwaith i my work

No change: fy mam i, fy llyfr i, fy chwaer i, fy enw i.

In speech. Fy is often said as a short 'y, or left out, so you may hear just 'y nghar i or nghar i. The mutation and the i still tell you it means my.

The echo i. The i after the noun repeats the owner. See Echo Pronouns After Possessives. For nasal mutation in general, see Nasal Mutation.

After a vowel. Standard writing shortens fy to 'm after a few little words ending in a vowel, such as i'm (to my), but speech usually keeps fy: i fy nhad i. See Short Possessives After Vowels.

Me. Before a verb-noun, fy means me: Mae hi'n fy ngweld i (She sees me). See Object Pronouns.

Examples (6)

  1. Ble mae fy nghar i?

    Where's my car?

  2. Dyma fy nhad i, Huw.

    This is my father, Huw.

  3. Mae fy mrawd i'n byw yn Llundain.

    My brother lives in London.

  4. Dw i wedi colli fy mhwrs i.

    I've lost my purse.

    pwrs → mhwrs.

  5. Mae 'y nghoesau i wedi blino.

    My legs are tired.

    Everyday speech: fy is shortened to 'y, and coesau → nghoesau.

  6. Fy mam i ydy hi.

    She's my mother.

    M is not affected by nasal mutation.

Common Mistakes

  • Using soft mutation after fy.

    fy gar i
    fy nghar i

    Fy causes nasal mutation: c becomes ngh. Soft mutation (gar) belongs after dy and ei (his).

  • Using the wrong echo pronoun.

    fy nghar di
    fy nghar i

    The echo must match the owner. Fy (my) is echoed by i; di goes with dy (your).

How It Connects

Tap a pattern to see what it builds on and what it leads to.

fy + Nasal MutationLevel 2My: Fy + Nasal Mutation

Learn This First

Fy triggers nasal mutation and is echoed by i.

Words in This Pattern